{"id":777,"date":"2023-09-26T09:28:14","date_gmt":"2023-09-26T12:28:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/?p=777"},"modified":"2023-09-26T09:28:14","modified_gmt":"2023-09-26T12:28:14","slug":"newsletter-setembro-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/2023\/09\/26\/newsletter-setembro-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"NEWSLETTER SETEMBRO\/2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>PROJETO CLOBAL CROSSINGS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>C\u00c1TEDRA JEAN MONNET\/UFU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>COORDENA\u00c7\u00c3O: PROFA. CLAUDIA LOUREIRO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NEWSLETTER SETEMBRO\/2023<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SE\u00c7\u00c3O 1: PRINCIPAIS JULGAMENTOS DO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTI\u00c7A DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>EIXO CIDADANIA GLOBAL<\/u><\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>A perda da cidadania dinamarquesa &#8211; Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia no processo C-689\/21<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Texto e tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre de Marcela Bittencourt Brey, Mestre em Direitos Humanos pela Faculdade de Direito da USP, Pesquisadora do Projeto&nbsp;<em>Global Crossings&nbsp;<\/em>da Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, C\u00e1tedra Jean Monnet \u2013 Uni\u00e3o Europeia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No julgamento ocorrido no dia 05 de setembro de 2023, a perda da cidadania dinamarquesa foi apreciada no processo C-689\/21 pelo Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cX\u201d, assim identificada na decis\u00e3o, em virtude do sigilo de seus dados pessoais, nasceu nos Estados Unidos da Am\u00e9rica. A m\u00e3e \u00e9 dinamarquesa e o pai \u00e9 americano. Desde o seu nascimento, \u201cX\u201d possu\u00eda as nacionalidades dinamarquesa e americana. Apesar de ter um irm\u00e3o e uma irm\u00e3 que vivem nos Estados Unidos, e um deles ter a nacionalidade dinamarquesa, nenhum deles vive na Dinamarca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ap\u00f3s ter completado vinte e dois anos de idade, \u201cX\u201d apresentou pedido de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o de sua nacionalidade dinamarquesa junto ao Minist\u00e9rio de Refugiados, Migrantes e Integra\u00e7\u00e3o da Dinamarca. A decis\u00e3o de 31 de janeiro de 2017 entendeu que \u201cX\u201d tinha perdido a nacionalidade aos 22 anos de idade por for\u00e7a do \u00a78\u00b0 n.1 da Lei de Nacionalidade Dinamarquesa, em virtude de nunca ter residido e n\u00e3o ter permanecido em condi\u00e7\u00f5es que garantam v\u00ednculo estreito com o pa\u00eds.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Diante do seu inconformismo, a defesa de \u201cX\u201d interp\u00f4s recurso em 9 de fevereiro de 2018 ao Tribunal de 1\u00aa Inst\u00e2ncia de Copenhagen&nbsp;e pretendeu anular a decis\u00e3o do Minist\u00e9rio. No recurso, alegou-se contrariedade \u00e0 solidariedade intr\u00ednseca aos objetivos do art. 20 do Tratado sobre Funcionamento da Uni\u00e3o Europeia (TFUE). Requereu-se a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o conjugada do artigo retro mencionado com o art. 7\u00ba da Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da Uni\u00e3o Europeia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O art. 7\u00ba da Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da Uni\u00e3o Europeia assegura a todas as pessoas o direito ao respeito pela sua vida privada e familiar, pelo seu domic\u00edlio e pela sua comunica\u00e7\u00e3o.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Por conseguinte, o Tribunal decidiu suspender a decis\u00e3o de primeira inst\u00e2ncia e remeter ao Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia por envolver quest\u00e3o prejudicial, tendo em vista que a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o conjugada do TFUE da referida Carta poderia opor-se ao direito local (dinamarqu\u00eas).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Por fim, a quest\u00e3o prejudicial foi apreciada. O Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia declarou que o art. 20\u00ba TFUE lido \u00e0 luz do art.7\u00ba da Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da Uni\u00e3o Europeia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<em>60. (&#8230;)<\/em>&nbsp;<em>deve ser interpretado no sentido de que:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>n\u00e3o se op\u00f5e \u00e0 regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o de um Estado\u2011Membro segundo a qual os seus nacionais, nascidos fora do seu territ\u00f3rio, que nunca a\u00ed residiram nem permaneceram em condi\u00e7\u00f5es que demonstrem um v\u00ednculo genu\u00edno com esse Estado\u2011Membro, perdem automaticamente, por efeito da lei, a nacionalidade deste \u00faltimo aos 22 anos de idade, o que implica, para as pessoas que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o igualmente nacionais de outro Estado\u2011Membro, a perda do seu estatuto de cidad\u00e3o da Uni\u00e3o Europeia e dos direitos inerentes a este estatuto, desde que seja dada \u00e0s pessoas em causa a possibilidade de apresentarem, dentro de um prazo razo\u00e1vel, um pedido de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o ou de recupera\u00e7\u00e3o da nacionalidade, que permita \u00e0s autoridades competentes apreciar a proporcionalidade das consequ\u00eancias da perda dessa nacionalidade \u00e0 luz do direito da Uni\u00e3o e, se for caso disso, conceder a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o ou a recupera\u00e7\u00e3o ex tunc da referida nacionalidade. Tal prazo deve prolongar\u2011se, por um per\u00edodo razo\u00e1vel, al\u00e9m da data em que a pessoa em causa completa essa idade e s\u00f3 pode come\u00e7ar a correr se essas autoridades tiverem informado devidamente essa pessoa da perda ou da imin\u00eancia da perda da sua nacionalidade, bem como do seu direito de pedir, nesse prazo, a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o ou a recupera\u00e7\u00e3o dessa nacionalidade. Se assim n\u00e3o for, as referidas autoridades devem poder efetuar essa aprecia\u00e7\u00e3o, a t\u00edtulo incidental, por ocasi\u00e3o de um pedido, apresentado pela pessoa em causa, de um documento de viagem ou de qualquer outro documento que comprove a sua nacionalidade.\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>(1)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NOTAS E REFER\u00caNCIAS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>TRIBUNAL DE JUSTI\u00c7A DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA.&nbsp;<em>InfoCuria Jurisprud\u00eancia.&nbsp;<\/em>Processo C-689\/21. 05 setembro de 2023. Luxemburgo. Dispon\u00edvel em:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/juris\/document\/document.jsf;jsessionid=053F33C286F3B4C9EFE6BB5E55CCCE71?text=&amp;docid=276994&amp;pageIndex=0&amp;doclang=PT&amp;mode=req&amp;dir=&amp;occ=first&amp;part=1&amp;cid=4169027\">https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/juris\/document\/document.jsf;jsessionid=053F33C286F3B4C9EFE6BB5E55CCCE71?text=&amp;docid=276994&amp;pageIndex=0&amp;doclang=PT&amp;mode=req&amp;dir=&amp;occ=first&amp;part=1&amp;cid=4169027<\/a>. Acesso em: 22 set. 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>TRATADO SOBRE FUNCIONAMENTO DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA.&nbsp;<em>Vers\u00e3o consolidada em portugu\u00eas.&nbsp;<\/em><strong>C-202\/49.&nbsp;<\/strong>07 Junho de 2016<strong>.&nbsp;<\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/resource.html?uri=cellar:9e8d52e1-2c70-11e6-b497-01aa75ed71a1.0019.01\/DOC_3&amp;format=PDF\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/resource.html?uri=cellar:9e8d52e1-2c70-11e6-b497-01aa75ed71a1.0019.01\/DOC_3&amp;format=PDF<\/a>. Acesso em: 22 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TRIBUNAL DE JUSTI\u00c7A DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA. Press Release N.\u00ba 131\/23.&nbsp;<em>Denmark may make the retention of Danish nationality dependent on the existence of a genuine connection with that country.<\/em>&nbsp;Dispon\u00edvel em:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/2023-09\/cp230131en.pdf\">https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/2023-09\/cp230131en.pdf<\/a>.&nbsp;Acesso em: 22 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Vers\u00e3o em Ingl\u00eas<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SECTION 1: MAIN JUDGMENTS OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>AXIS: GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>The loss of Danish citizenship by the Court of Justice of the European Union in case C-689\/21<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Text and free translation by Marcela Bittencourt Brey, master\u2019s degree in Human Rights from the Law School of University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Researcher of the Global Crossings Project at the Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia, Jean Monnet Chair \u2013 European Union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The loss of Danish citizenship by the Court of Justice of the European Union was assessed in case C-689\/21 in a trial session held on September 5, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cX\u201d, thus identified in the decision, due to the confidentiality of his personal data, was born to a Danish mother and an American father in the United States of America. Since her birth, she has had Danish and American nationality. She has a brother and sister who live in the United States, one of whom is of Danish nationality. None of them live in Denmark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After turning twenty-two years of age, \u201cX\u201d submitted a request to maintain his Danish nationality with the Danish Ministry of Refugees, Migrants, and Integration. The January 31, 2017 decision understood that \u201cX\u201d had lost his race at the age of 22 under \u00a78 n.1 of the Danish Nationality Law, due to never residing and not having remained in conditions that guarantee close ties with the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Discontented, \u201cX\u201d\u2019s defense filed an appeal on February 9, 2018, at the Copenhagen Court of First Instance and sought to annul the Ministry\u2019s decision. The plea alleged contradiction to the solidarity intrinsic to the objectives of art. 20 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). A combined interpretation of the afore mentioned article with art. 7th of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Art. 7th of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union guarantees everyone the right to respect their private and family life, home, and communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, the Court decided to suspend the first instance decision and refer it to the Court of Justice of the European Union as it involved a preliminary question, given that the TFEU&#8217;s combined interpretation of the aforementioned Charter could conflict with local (Danish) law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, the preliminary question was considered. The Court of Justice of the European Union declared that art. 20th TFEU read in conjunction with Article 7 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c60. (&#8230;) must be interpreted as not precluding legislation of a Member State under which its nationals born outside its territory who have never been resident there and have not spent time there in circumstances demonstrating a genuine link with that Member State lose, by operation of law, the nationality of that State at the age of 22, which entails, for persons who are not also nationals of another Member State, the loss of their citizenship of the European Union and the rights attaching thereto, provided that the persons concerned are given the opportunity to lodge, within a reasonable period, an application for the retention or recovery of the nationality, which enables the competent authorities to examine the proportionality of the consequences of the loss of that nationality from the point of view of EU law and, where appropriate, to allow the retention or recovery&nbsp;<em>ex tunc<\/em>&nbsp;of that nationality. Such a period must extend, for a reasonable length of time, beyond the date on which the person concerned reaches that age and cannot begin to run unless those authorities have duly informed that person of the loss of their nationality or of the imminence of that loss, and of their right to apply, within that period, for the maintenance or recovery of that nationality. Failing that, those authorities must be in a position to carry out such an examination, as an ancillary issue, in the context of an application by the person concerned for a travel document or any other document showing their nationality. (1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NOTES AND REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION.&nbsp;<em>InfoCuria Jurisprudence.&nbsp;<\/em>Judgment of the Court of Justice in Case C-689\/21. 05 September 2023. Luxembourg. Available at:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/juris\/document\/document.jsf;jsessionid=053F33C286F3B4C9EFE6BB5E55CCCE71?text=&amp;docid=276994&amp;pageIndex=0&amp;doclang=PT&amp;mode=req&amp;dir=&amp;occ=first&amp;part=1&amp;cid=4169027\">https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/juris\/document\/document.jsf;jsessionid=053F33C286F3B4C9EFE6BB5E55CCCE71?text=&amp;docid=276994&amp;pageIndex=0&amp;doclang=PT&amp;mode=req&amp;dir=&amp;occ=first&amp;part=1&amp;cid=4169027<\/a>. Access at: Sep. 22, 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>TREATY ON EUROPEAN UNION AND THE TREATY ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE EUROPEAN UNION.&nbsp;<em>Consolidated version in English.&nbsp;<\/em><strong>C-202\/01 e C-202\/0249&nbsp;<\/strong>n.<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>59.<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>07 June 2016<strong>.&nbsp;<\/strong>Available at:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=OJ:C:2016:202:FULL\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=OJ:C:2016:202:FULL<\/a>. Access at: Sep. 22, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Press Release N.\u00ba 131\/23.&nbsp;<em>Denmark may make the retention of Danish nationality dependent on the existence of a genuine connection with that country.<\/em>&nbsp;Available at:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/2023-09\/cp230131en.pdf\">https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/2023-09\/cp230131en.pdf<\/a>.&nbsp;Access at:&nbsp;Sep. 22, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SE\u00c7\u00c3O 2: CORTE EUROPEIA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS \u2013 PRINCIPAIS JULGADOS&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>EIXO: MUDAN\u00c7AS CLIM\u00c1TICAS E ECOC\u00cdDIO<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Caso Lopez Ostra v. Espanha (Application no. 16798\/90)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Texto e tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre de Marcela Bittencourt Brey, Mestre em Direitos Humanos pela Faculdade de Direito da USP, Pesquisadora do Projeto&nbsp;<em>Global Crossings&nbsp;<\/em>da Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, C\u00e1tedra Jean Monnet \u2013 Uni\u00e3o Europeia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Em decorr\u00eancia dos efeitos das pr\u00e1ticas utilizadas por uma usina de tratamentos s\u00f3lidos ao meio ambiente, na cidade de Lorca, a Sra. L\u00f3pez Ostra apresentou sua demanda \u00e0 Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos (CEDH). As degrada\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais, os vazamentos de gases poluidores, diversos cheiros e contamina\u00e7\u00f5es e barulho emitidos pela usina afetaram a vida da Sra. L\u00f3pez e de sua fam\u00edlia, bem como a vida da popula\u00e7\u00e3o local.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A Sra. L\u00f3pez Ostra apresentou a peti\u00e7\u00e3o com base no art. 8\u00ba e 3\u00ba da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o Europeia de Direitos Humanos (direito ao respeito pela vida privada e familiar, assim como o direito de n\u00e3o ser submetida a tratamento cruel ou degradante). (1) Neste sentido, a CEDH entendeu que&nbsp;<em>naturalmente, a polui\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental grave pode afetar o bem-estar dos indiv\u00edduos e impedi-los de desfrutar de suas casas de modo a afetar negativamente a sua vida privada e familiar, sem, no entanto, p\u00f4r em perigo a sua sa\u00fade.&nbsp;<\/em>Al\u00e9m disso, tamb\u00e9m ressaltou o dever do Estado de garantir o&nbsp;<em>equil\u00edbrio justo que deve ser alcan\u00e7ado entre os interesses concorrentes do indiv\u00edduo e da comunidade como um todo.&nbsp;<\/em>[51](2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Todavia, a CEDH reconheceu o impacto das degrada\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais somente no \u00e2mbito individual e que o Estado tem a obriga\u00e7\u00e3o de agir e garantir no caso concreto o direito \u00e0 privacidade e a vida familiar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A decis\u00e3o n\u00e3o aplicou o art. 3\u00ba da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o, muito embora reconhecesse a dificuldade imposta pela usina \u00e0 sua condi\u00e7\u00e3o de vida e de sua fam\u00edlia pelo per\u00edodo de tr\u00eas anos; por\u00e9m, reconheceu a viola\u00e7\u00e3o ao art. 8\u00ba da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o Europeia de Direitos Humanos. A Sra. L\u00f3pez sofreu n\u00e3o somente danos materiais, mas imateriais, al\u00e9m do inc\u00f4modo causado pela fuma\u00e7a dos gases, ru\u00eddos e cheiros da usina, sofrendo ang\u00fastia com o agravamento do estado de sa\u00fade de sua filha. A condena\u00e7\u00e3o de 4.000.000 pesos espanh\u00f3is pela CEDH reconhece que o Estado n\u00e3o agiu a auxiliar a Sra. L\u00f3pez a encontrar o equil\u00edbrio entre o bem-estar econ\u00f4mico da cidade e o respeito ao seu direito pela manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do lar, da vida privada e familiar. [60] [58] [64] (3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>REFER\u00caNCIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS.&nbsp;<strong>LOPEZ Ostra v.Spain (Application n. 16798\/90)<\/strong>. Available at:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/FRE#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57905%22]}\">https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/FRE#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57905%22]}<\/a>. Acesso em: 22 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Vers\u00e3o em Ingl\u00eas<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SECTION 2: EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS \u2013 MAIN JUDGMENTS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>AXIS: CLIMATE CHANGE AND ECOCIDE<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Case Lopez Ostra v. Spain (Application no. 16798\/90)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Text and free translation by Marcela Bittencourt Brey, master\u2019s degree in Human Rights from the Law School of University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Researcher of the Global Crossings Project at the Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia, Jean Monnet Chair \u2013 European Union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Due to the effects&nbsp;of the practices used by a solid treatment plant on the environment, Mrs. L\u00f3pez Ostra presented her claim to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in the city of Lorca. Environmental degradation, leaks of polluting gases, various smells and contaminations, and noise emitted by the plant affected the lives of Mrs. L\u00f3pez and her family and the lives of the local population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ms. L\u00f3pez Ostra presented the petition based on articles 8 and 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (right to respect for private and family life and the right not to be subjected to cruel or degrading treatment). (1) In this sense, the ECHR understood that naturally, serious environmental pollution can affect the well-being of individuals and prevent them from enjoying their homes in a way that negatively affects their private and family life, without, however, endangering their health. Furthermore, it also highlighted the duty of the State to ensure the fair balance that must be achieved between the competing interests of the individual and the community as a whole. [51](2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the ECHR recognized the impact of environmental degradation only at the individual level and that the State has the obligation to act and guarantee the right to privacy and family life in the specific case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The decision did not apply to art. 3 of the Convention, although he recognized the difficulty imposed by the plant on his and his family&#8217;s living conditions for a period of three years; however, it recognized the violation of art\u20148th of the European Convention on Human Rights. Mrs. L\u00f3pez suffered not only material but non-material damage, in addition to the discomfort caused by the gas smoke, noise, and smells from the plant, suffering anguish due to the worsening of her daughter&#8217;s health condition. The sentence of 4,000,000 Spanish pesos by the ECHR recognizes that the State did not act to help Mrs. L\u00f3pez find a balance between the city&#8217;s economic well-being and respect for her right to maintain her home, private, and family life. [60] [58] [64] (3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>REFERENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS.&nbsp;<strong>LOPEZ Ostra v.Spain (Application n. 16798\/90)<\/strong>. Available at:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/FRE#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57905%22]}\">https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/FRE#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57905%22]}<\/a>. Access at: Sep. 22, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SE\u00c7\u00c3O 3<\/strong>:&nbsp;<strong>CORTE INTERNACIONAL DE JUSTI\u00c7A<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>EIXO: MUDAN\u00c7AS CLIM\u00c1TICAS E ECOC\u00cdDIO<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Solicita\u00e7\u00e3o de Opini\u00e3o Consultiva: Obriga\u00e7\u00f5es dos Estados no que diz respeito \u00e0s mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas \u2013 Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos Pa\u00edses Exportadores de Petr\u00f3leo<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Texto e tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre de&nbsp;Izabella Vieira Nunes, mestranda na Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia (UFU), bolsista CAPES\/BRASIL<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vivemos em um \u00fanico planeta, por consequ\u00eancia, dividimos o mesmo destino: essa precisa observa\u00e7\u00e3o de Zax Wolfgang, citado por Mehra&nbsp;<em>et al<\/em>&nbsp;(2019), nos convida a refletir sobre as obriga\u00e7\u00f5es individuais, coletivas e, principalmente, estatais para a preserva\u00e7\u00e3o da humanidade tal como conhecemos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As altera\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas e o aumento da degrada\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental s\u00e3o sintomas que, por s\u00e9culos, foram ignorados em nome de um desenvolvimento a qualquer custo. No entanto, o pre\u00e7o j\u00e1 est\u00e1 sendo cobrado e coloca em risco todo o g\u00eanero humano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cA mis\u00e9ria pode ser segregada, mas n\u00e3o os perigos da era nuclear\u201d, como explicita Beck (2011, p. 7), de modo que, em um mundo cada vez mais interdependente, a atua\u00e7\u00e3o conjunta em prol da tutela ambiental \u00e9 imprescind\u00edvel para a prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos interesses da humanidade. H\u00e1, pois, uma indissociabilidade entre os direitos humanos e o direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nesta conjuntura, em setembro de 2023, a Corte Internacional de Justi\u00e7a (CIJ) autorizou a participa\u00e7\u00e3o da Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos Pa\u00edses Exportadores de Petr\u00f3leo (OPEP) nos procedimentos consultivos sobre as Obriga\u00e7\u00f5es dos Estados em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s Altera\u00e7\u00f5es Clim\u00e1ticas. Conforme not\u00edcia veiculada, a Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o encaminhou solicita\u00e7\u00e3o de parecer consultivo, com fundamento no artigo 66, do Estatuto da CIJ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Em apertada s\u00edntese, a OPEP \u00e9 uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o intergovernamental permanente que coordena e unifica, teoricamente, as pol\u00edticas petroleiras dos Estados-membros. Trata-se, portanto, de um novo ator internacional que tamb\u00e9m influencia nas dimens\u00f5es globais, sejam de \u00e2mbito pol\u00edtico, econ\u00f4mico ou social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nas palavras de Sieber (2010), as necessidades da humanidade tomaram propor\u00e7\u00f5es para al\u00e9m das fronteiras, o que exige a comunh\u00e3o de esfor\u00e7os da comunidade global para solucion\u00e1-las. A solicita\u00e7\u00e3o de parecer consultivo requisitada pela OPEP demonstra, na pr\u00e1tica, a transnacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o das atividades e dos riscos, os quais ultrapassam as fronteiras f\u00edsicas entre Estados-na\u00e7\u00e3o e convida \u00e0 ressignifica\u00e7\u00e3o estrutural e normativa dos direitos e obriga\u00e7\u00f5es vigentes diante dos desastres clim\u00e1ticos e ambientais igualmente globalizados.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Por conseguinte, Can\u00e7ado Trindade (2006, p. 428-429) delineou alguns dos principais desafios do Direito Internacional os Direitos Humanos no s\u00e9culo XXI, dos quais se destaca \u201cbuscar a supera\u00e7\u00e3o das contradi\u00e7\u00f5es do mundo em que vivemos, dotar os instrumentos e mecanismos existentes de prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos direitos humanos de maior efic\u00e1cia, conceber novas formas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o do ser humano, [&#8230;], fortalecer a capacidade jur\u00eddico-processual internacional do ser humano na vindica\u00e7\u00e3o de seus direitos [&#8230;].\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Para o autor, \u201cO Estado j\u00e1 n\u00e3o \u00e9 um fim em si mesmo, mas um meio para assegurar o ordenamento social consoante a intelig\u00eancia humana, de modo a aperfei\u00e7oar a \u2018sociedade comum que abarca toda a humanidade\u2019\u201d (Can\u00e7ado Trindade, 2006, p. 34). Sob essa l\u00f3gica, as preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es com a prote\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental afastaram-se do vi\u00e9s puramente nacional para alcan\u00e7ar n\u00edveis globais, sobretudo, devido \u00e0 intr\u00ednseca rela\u00e7\u00e3o com os direitos humanos (Loureiro, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Essa complexidade inter-relacional que, por muitas vezes, acarretou pareceres inconclusivos, agora incita uma oportunidade interdisciplinar para delinear perspectivas te\u00f3ricas e pr\u00e1ticas para uma nova ordem legal em um mundo global (Sieber, 2010), sobretudo, no tocante \u00e0 interseccionalidade entre direitos humanos e meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>REFER\u00caNCIAS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BECK, Ulrich.&nbsp;<strong>A metamorfose do mundo<\/strong>: novos conceitos para uma nova realidade. Trad. Maria Luiza X. de A. Borges. 1\u00aa ed. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BECK, Ulrich.&nbsp;<strong>Sociedade de Risco<\/strong>: rumo a outra modernidade. Trad. Sebasti\u00e3o Nascimento. S\u00e3o Paulo: Editora 34, 2011 (2\u00aa Edi\u00e7\u00e3o).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CAN\u00c7ADO TRINDADE, Antonio Augusto.&nbsp;<strong>Desafios e conquistas do DIDH no in\u00edcio do s\u00e9c. XXI<\/strong>. 2006. Dispon\u00edvel em<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oas.org\/dil\/esp\/407-490%20cancado%20trindade%20oea%20cji%20%20.def.pdf\">&nbsp;https:\/\/www.oas.org\/dil\/esp\/407-490%20cancado%20trindade%20oea%20cji%20%20.def.pdf<\/a>. Acesso em: 10 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CAN\u00c7ADO TRINDADE, Antonio Augusto.&nbsp;<strong>Princ\u00edpios do Direito Internacional Contempor\u00e2neo<\/strong>. 2017. Dispon\u00edvel em<a href=\"http:\/\/funag.gov.br\/loja\/download\/principios-do-direito-internacional-2017.pdf\">&nbsp;http:\/\/funag.gov.br\/loja\/download\/principios-do-direito-internacional-2017.pdf<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Acesso em: 10 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LOUREIRO, Claudia Regina de Oliveira Magalh\u00e3es da Silva.&nbsp;<em>Greening<\/em>: o esverdeamento dos direitos humanos e o protagonismo da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos.&nbsp;<strong>Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Internacionais no Mundo Atual Unicuritiba<\/strong>, vol. 5, n. 38, p. 216-236. 2022. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/revista.unicuritiba.edu.br\/index.php\/RIMA\/article\/download\/6279\/371374211.&nbsp;Acesso em: 5 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MEHRA, Nasrin; GHOLIPOUR, Gholamreza; BABAKHANI, Erfan.&nbsp;<em>Ecocide: a crime against sustainable development.<\/em><strong>Ankara \u00dcniversitesi SBF Dergisi<\/strong>, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi, 2019. Hal-03156805. Dispon\u00edvel em https:\/\/hal.parisnanterre.fr\/hal-03156805\/document.&nbsp;Acesso em: 5 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>OPEC<\/strong>.&nbsp;<em>Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries<\/em>.&nbsp;[<em>S. l.<\/em>] 2023. Portal. Dispon\u00edvel em:https:\/\/www.opec.org\/opec_web\/en\/17.htm. Acesso em: 11 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ICJ<\/strong>.&nbsp;<em>International Court of Justice.<\/em>&nbsp;The Hague, Netherlands. Site. Dispon\u00edvel em:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/187\/187-20230901-pre-01-00-en.pdf\">https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/187\/187-20230901-pre-01-00-en.pdf<\/a>.&nbsp;Acesso em:12 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SIEBER, Ulrich. Legal order in a global world. The development of a fragmented system of national, international, and private norms.&nbsp;<strong>Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Law<\/strong>, vol. 14, 2010, pp. 1-49. Dispon\u00edvel em&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mpg.de\/50696\/hm01_LegalGlobalObasetext.pdf\">https:\/\/www.mpg.de\/50696\/hm01_LegalGlobalObasetext.pdf<\/a>.&nbsp;Acesso em 5 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Vers\u00e3o em Ingl\u00eas<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SECTION 3: INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>AXIS: CLIMATE CHANGE AND ECOCIDE<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li><strong><em>Obligations of States about Climate Change<\/em><\/strong><strong>: OPEC is authorized to submit an advisory opinion to ICJ<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Text and translation by&nbsp;Izabella Vieira Nunes, master&#8217;s degree student in Law School, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, CAPES scholarship, Brazil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We live on a single planet and, therefore share the same destiny. This precise observation by Zax Wolfgang, quoted by Mehra et al. (2019), invites us to reflect on individual, collective, and, above all, state obligations for preserving humanity as we know it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Climate change and increasing environmental degradation are symptoms that have been ignored for centuries in the name of development at any cost. However, the price is already being charged, putting the entire human race at risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Poverty can be segregated, but not the dangers of the nuclear age,&#8221; as Beck (2011, p. 7) explains, so that joint action in favor of environmental protection is essential for protecting humanity&#8217;s interests in an increasingly interdependent world. There is, therefore an inseparability between human rights and the right to an ecologically balanced environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this context, in September 2023, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) authorized the participation of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in the consultative procedures on the Obligations of States about Climate Change. According to news reports, the Organization submitted a request for an advisory opinion based on Article 66 of the ICJ Statute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a nutshell, OPEC is a permanent intergovernmental organization that theoretically coordinates and unifies the oil policies of the member states. It is, therefore a new international actor that also influences global dimensions, whether political, economic, or social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the words of Sieber (2010), humanity&#8217;s needs have grown beyond borders, which requires the global community to join forces to solve them. The request for an advisory opinion by OPEC demonstrates, in practice, the transnationalization of activities and risks, which go beyond the physical borders between nation-states and invites a structural and normative re-signification of the rights and obligations in force in the face of equally globalized climatic and environmental disasters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can\u00e7ado Trindade (2006, p. 428-429) has therefore outlined some of the main challenges facing international human rights law in the 21st century, including &#8220;seeking to overcome the contradictions of the world in which we live, making the existing instruments and mechanisms for the protection of human rights more effective, devising new ways of protecting human beings, [&#8230;] strengthening the international legal and procedural capacity of human beings to vindicate their rights [&#8230;]&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the author, &#8220;The State is no longer an end in itself, but a means to ensure social order by human intelligence, to perfect the &#8216;common society that embraces all humanity'&#8221; (Can\u00e7ado Trindade, 2006, p. 34). Under this logic, concerns about environmental protection have moved away from a purely national bias to reach global levels, above all due to the intrinsic relationship with human rights (Loureiro, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This inter-relational complexity, which has often led to inconclusive opinions, now provides an interdisciplinary opportunity to outline theoretical and practical perspectives for a new legal order in a global world (Sieber, 2010), especially about the intersectionality between human rights and the ecologically balanced environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>REFERENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BECK, Ulrich.&nbsp;<strong>A metamorfose do mundo<\/strong>: novos conceitos para uma nova realidade. Trad. Maria Luiza X. de A. Borges. 1\u00aa ed. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BECK, Ulrich.&nbsp;<strong>Sociedade de Risco<\/strong>: rumo a outra modernidade. Trad. Sebasti\u00e3o Nascimento. S\u00e3o Paulo: Editora 34, 2011 (2\u00aa Edi\u00e7\u00e3o).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CAN\u00c7ADO TRINDADE, Antonio Augusto.&nbsp;<strong>Desafios e conquistas do DIDH no in\u00edcio do s\u00e9c.&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>XXI<\/strong>. 2006. Available at:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oas.org\/dil\/esp\/407-490%20cancado%20trindade%20oea%20cji%20%20.def.pdf\">https:\/\/www.oas.org\/dil\/esp\/407-490%20cancado%20trindade%20oea%20cji%20%20.def.pdf<\/a>.&nbsp;Access at: Sep. 10, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CAN\u00c7ADO TRINDADE, Antonio Augusto.&nbsp;<strong>Princ\u00edpios do Direito Internacional Contempor\u00e2neo<\/strong>.&nbsp;2017. Available at:<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/F65E11EB-7585-45EE-B5FA-72F0519FADB2\/%20http:\/funag.gov.br\/loja\/download\/principios-do-direito-internacional-2017.pdf\">http:\/\/funag.gov.br\/loja\/download\/principios-do-direito-internacional-2017.pdf<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Access at: Sep. 10, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LOUREIRO, Claudia Regina de Oliveira Magalh\u00e3es da Silva.&nbsp;<em>Greening<\/em>: o esverdeamento dos direitos humanos e o protagonismo da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos.&nbsp;<strong>Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Internacionais no Mundo Atual Unicuritiba<\/strong>, vol. 5, n. 38, p. 216-236. 2022. Available at: https:\/\/revista.unicuritiba.edu.br\/index.php\/RIMA\/article\/download\/6279\/371374211.&nbsp;Access at: Sep. 5, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MEHRA, Nasrin; GHOLIPOUR, Gholamreza; BABAKHANI, Erfan.&nbsp;<em>Ecocide: a crime against sustainable development.<\/em><strong>Ankara \u00dcniversitesi SBF Dergisi<\/strong>, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi, 2019. Hal-03156805. Available at: https:\/\/hal.parisnanterre.fr\/hal-03156805\/document. Access at: Sep. 5, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>OPEC<\/strong>.&nbsp;<em>Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries<\/em>. [<em>S. l.<\/em>] 2023. Portal. Available at: https:\/\/www.opec.org\/opec_web\/en\/17.htm. Access at: Sep. 11, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ICJ<\/strong>.&nbsp;<em>International Court of Justice.<\/em>&nbsp;The Hague, Netherlands. Site. Available at:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/187\/187-20230901-pre-01-00-en.pdf\">https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/187\/187-20230901-pre-01-00-en.pdf<\/a>. Access at: Sep. 12, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SIEBER, Ulrich. Legal order in a global world. The development of a fragmented system of national, international, and private norms.&nbsp;<strong>Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Law<\/strong>, vol. 14, 2010, pp. 1-49. Available at:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mpg.de\/50696\/hm01_LegalGlobalObasetext.pdf\">https:\/\/www.mpg.de\/50696\/hm01_LegalGlobalObasetext.pdf<\/a>.&nbsp;Access at: Sep. 5, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SE\u00c7\u00c3O 4:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>EIXO:&nbsp;<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>TRANSHUMANIDADE<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Caso Trabalhadores da Fazenda Brasil Verde vs. Brasil. Exce\u00e7\u00f5es Preliminares, M\u00e9rito, Repara\u00e7\u00f5es e Custas. Senten\u00e7a de 20 de outubro de 2016. S\u00e9rie C N\u00ba 318<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Texto e tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre de Marcela Bittencourt Brey, Mestre em Direitos Humanos pela Faculdade de Direito da USP, Pesquisadora do Projeto&nbsp;<em>Global Crossings&nbsp;<\/em>da Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, C\u00e1tedra Jean Monnet \u2013 Uni\u00e3o Europeia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) condenou o Estado Brasileiro em outubro de 2016 por n\u00e3o ter adotado medidas efetivas para combater e impedir a pr\u00e1tica de condi\u00e7\u00e3o an\u00e1loga \u00e0 escravid\u00e3o de trabalhadores que eram mantidos na Fazenda Brasil Verde, localizada no estado do Par\u00e1.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A condena\u00e7\u00e3o reconheceu a viola\u00e7\u00e3o aos direitos humanos dos trabalhadores, dentre outras, como submiss\u00e3o \u00e0 escravid\u00e3o e ao tr\u00e1fico de pessoas, dos direitos \u00e0s garantias judiciais, prote\u00e7\u00e3o judicial e integridade pessoal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na d\u00e9cada de 90, in\u00fameros trabalhadores eram atra\u00eddos a trabalhar na Fazenda Brasil Verde, para executar trabalhos em Sapucaia, sul do estado do Par\u00e1. Os homens, de idade entre 15 a 40 anos sa\u00edram de suas cidades do norte e nordeste do pa\u00eds em busca da promessa de trabalho. Quando ali chegavam, estes eram mantidos em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de trabalho degradantes, com jornadas exaustivas e eram impedidos de deixar a fazenda, com amea\u00e7as de morte, em virtude das d\u00edvidas que ali contra\u00edam. Houve servid\u00e3o por d\u00edvidas contra\u00eddas com a administra\u00e7\u00e3o da fazenda a t\u00edtulos de traslados e alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, dentre outros. [212] [213] (1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ficou demonstrado, que a pr\u00e1tica era realizada h\u00e1 mais de dez anos e o Estado Brasileiro sabia das graves viola\u00e7\u00f5es de direitos humanos que ocorriam na Fazenda Brasil Verde. O caso veio ao conhecimento p\u00fablico, nos anos 2000, quando dois funcion\u00e1rios conseguiram fugir do local. Com o fim de elucidar a gravidade do caso e a in\u00e9rcia do estado brasileiro, passar\u00e1 a expor de forma cronol\u00f3gica em breves linhas, a situa\u00e7\u00e3o ocorrida.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Em dezembro de 1988, a Pol\u00edcia Federal recebeu uma den\u00fancia de trabalho escravo na Fazenda Brasil Verde e pelo desaparecimento de dois jovens, apresentada pela Comiss\u00e3o Pastoral da Terra e Diocese da Comiss\u00e3o de Concei\u00e7\u00e3o de Araguaia.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Em novembro de 1998, a Comiss\u00e3o Pastoral da Terra (CPT) e o Centro pela Justi\u00e7a e o Direito Internacional (CEJIL) denunciaram o Estado Brasileiro \u00e0 Comiss\u00e3o Interamericana de Direitos Humanos pela omiss\u00e3o da pr\u00e1tica criminosa da condi\u00e7\u00e3o an\u00e1loga \u00e0 escravid\u00e3o dos trabalhadores na Fazenda Brasil Verde, fato ocorrido desde 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O Minist\u00e9rio do Trabalho realizou fiscaliza\u00e7\u00e3o na Fazenda em mar\u00e7o de 2000, oportunidade na qual concluiu a condi\u00e7\u00e3o an\u00e1loga \u00e0 escravid\u00e3o dos trabalhadores e resgatou 80 pessoas. Outras fiscaliza\u00e7\u00f5es j\u00e1 haviam ocorrido, em especial nos anos de 1993, 1996 e 1997, e em todas, a constata\u00e7\u00e3o da mesma pr\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Somente em fevereiro de 2001 houve a abertura de inqu\u00e9rito policial para apurar a responsabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o penal dos respons\u00e1veis pelos crimes. Todavia, em virtude de quest\u00e3o processual (conflito de compet\u00eancia), a Justi\u00e7a Federal de Marab\u00e1 remeteu o caso a Justi\u00e7a Estadual em Xinguara, no Par\u00e1, oportunidade em que o inqu\u00e9rito desapareceu. Note-se que nessa data n\u00e3o havia ainda o entendimento pela fixa\u00e7\u00e3o da compet\u00eancia \u00e0 Justi\u00e7a Federal para apreciar casos relacionados a condi\u00e7\u00e3o an\u00e1loga \u00e0 escravid\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Em novembro de 2011, ou seja, quase onze anos ap\u00f3s a abertura do inqu\u00e9rito policial, a Comiss\u00e3o concluiu que o Estado Brasileiro violou a Declara\u00e7\u00e3o Americana dos Direitos e Deveres do Homem e em mar\u00e7o de 2015 a Comiss\u00e3o pediu \u00e0 Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) a responsabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o internacional do Brasil pelas viola\u00e7\u00f5es de direitos humanos praticadas na Fazenda Brasil Verde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A condena\u00e7\u00e3o do Estado Brasileiro ocorreu em outubro de 2016, pela sua conduta omissiva (n\u00e3o adotar provid\u00eancias para evitar o trabalho an\u00e1logo \u00e0 escravid\u00e3o). Foi determinado pela Corte que o Brasil reabrisse as investiga\u00e7\u00f5es policiais. Tal proceder foi necess\u00e1rio, a fim de apurar a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos respons\u00e1veis e alcan\u00e7ar a efetiva puni\u00e7\u00e3o, al\u00e9m do pagamento a t\u00edtulo de indeniza\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e0s v\u00edtimas, no valor de cinco milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No ano de 2017, a Procuradoria da Rep\u00fablica do Munic\u00edpio de Reden\u00e7\u00e3o no estado do Par\u00e1 instaurou o procedimento investigat\u00f3rio criminal n\u00ba 1.23.005.000177\/2017-62. Como resultado, foram identificadas e localizadas 72 das 80 v\u00edtimas. Em novembro do mesmo ano, foi solicitada pelo procurador em exerc\u00edcio \u00e0 \u00e9poca, a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de uma for\u00e7a-tarefa para auxiliar na investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, diante da complexidade e gravidade dos fatos. A cria\u00e7\u00e3o da for\u00e7a-tarefa foi autorizada em dezembro, por meio da Portaria n.\u00ba 1326 assinada pela Procuradora-Geral da Rep\u00fablica, Raquel Dodge, nomeando quatro procuradores para atuar no procedimento retro mencionado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Em 13 de setembro de 2019, o Minist\u00e9rio P\u00fablico Federal apresentou den\u00fancia contra Jo\u00e3o Luiz Quagliato Neto e Ant\u00f4nio Jorge Vieira, propriet\u00e1rio e gerente da Fazenda Brasil Verde (\u00e0 \u00e9poca dos fatos) pela pr\u00e1tica dos crimes de&nbsp;<em>redu\u00e7\u00e3o a condi\u00e7\u00e3o an\u00e1loga \u00e0 de escravo, frustra\u00e7\u00e3o de direito assegurado por lei trabalhista&nbsp;<\/em>e<em>&nbsp;aliciamento de trabalhadores de um local para outro do territ\u00f3rio nacional,&nbsp;<\/em>previstos nos artigos 149, 203 e 207, respectivamente, do C\u00f3digo Penal Brasileiro. (2) A den\u00fancia foi recebida na a\u00e7\u00e3o penal no dia 27 de janeiro de 2020. Finalmente, em 27 de junho de 2023, Jo\u00e3o Luiz Quagliato Neto e Ant\u00f4nio Jorge Vieira foram condenados a pena de 7 anos e 6 meses de deten\u00e7\u00e3o pela Vara Federal C\u00edvel e Criminal da Subse\u00e7\u00e3o Judici\u00e1ria de Reden\u00e7\u00e3o, estado do Par\u00e1. (3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NOTAS E REFER\u00caNCIAS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1)&nbsp;CORTE IDH.&nbsp;<strong>Caso Trabalhadores da Fazenda Brasil Verde vs. Brasil.&nbsp;<\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.corteidh.or.cr\/docs\/casos\/articulos\/seriec_318_por.pdf\">https:\/\/www.corteidh.or.cr\/docs\/casos\/articulos\/seriec_318_por.pdf<\/a>. Acesso em: 22 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>BRASIL. Minist\u00e9rio P\u00fablico Federal.&nbsp;<strong>Den\u00fancia,&nbsp;<\/strong>Procedimento Investigat\u00f3rio Criminal (PIC) n.\u00ba 1.23.005.000177\/2017-62. Isadora chaves Carvalho et al. Reden\u00e7\u00e3o. Em: 13\/09\/2019. Dispon\u00edvel em:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.estadao.com.br\/blogs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/01\/Denuncia_cota_MPF_caso_fazenda_Brasil_Verde_PA_proc_0001923-54.2019.4.01.3905.pdf\">https:\/\/www.estadao.com.br\/blogs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/01\/Denuncia_cota_MPF_caso_fazenda_Brasil_Verde_PA_proc_0001923-54.2019.4.01.3905.pdf<\/a>. Acesso em: 23 set. 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>BRASIL. Tribunal Regional Federal da 1\u00aa Regi\u00e3o.&nbsp;<strong>Senten\u00e7a tipo \u201cd\u201d,&nbsp;<\/strong>Processo n.\u00ba 0000001-41.2020.4.01.3905. Juiz Federal Substituto Hallisson Costa Gl\u00f3ria. Reden\u00e7\u00e3o. J. em: 27\/06\/2023. Dispon\u00edvel em:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mpf.mp.br\/pa\/sala-de-imprensa\/documentos\/2023\/SentenaBrasilVerde.pdf\">https:\/\/www.mpf.mp.br\/pa\/sala-de-imprensa\/documentos\/2023\/SentenaBrasilVerde.pdf<\/a>. Acesso em: 23 set. 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>BRASIL. Portaria n\u00ba 1.326 de 12 de dezembro de 2017. Dispon\u00edvel em:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/biblioteca.mpf.mp.br\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/911b1fac-e3ff-4700-97d4-c9b52eeee9df\/content\">https:\/\/biblioteca.mpf.mp.br\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/911b1fac-e3ff-4700-97d4-c9b52eeee9df\/content<\/a>. Acesso em: 23 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CORTE IDH.&nbsp;<strong>Caso Trabalhadores da Fazenda Brasil Verde vs. Brasil.&nbsp;<\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.corteidh.or.cr\/docs\/casos\/articulos\/seriec_318_por.pdf\">https:\/\/www.corteidh.or.cr\/docs\/casos\/articulos\/seriec_318_por.pdf<\/a>. Acesso em: 22 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Vers\u00e3o em Ingl\u00eas<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>AXIS: TRANSHUMANITY<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Case of Brasil Verde Farm Workers vs. Brazil. Preliminary Exceptions, Merits, Reparations, and Costs. Judgment of October 20, 2016. Series C No. 318<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Text and free translation by Marcela Bittencourt Brey, Master\u2019s Degree in Human Rights from the Law School of University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Researcher of the Global Crossings Project at the Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia, Jean Monnet Chair \u2013 European Union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) condemned the Brazilian State in October 2016 for failing to adopt effective measures to combat and prevent the practice of conditions analogous to the slavery of workers who were kept at Fazenda Brazil Verde, located in Par\u00e1.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The conviction recognized the violation of workers&#8217; human rights, such as submission to slavery and human trafficking, the rights to judicial guarantees, judicial protection, and personal integrity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the 90s, countless workers were attracted to work at Fazenda Brazil Verde, to work in Sapucaia, south of Par\u00e1. The men, aged between 15 and 40, left their cities in the north and northeast of the country in search of the promise of work. When they arrived there, they were kept in degrading working conditions, with exhausting working hours, and were prevented from leaving the farm, with death threats, due to the debts they incurred there. There was servitude due to debts contracted with the farm administration for transfers and food, among others. [212] [213] (1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It was demonstrated that the practice had been carried out for more than ten years, and the Brazilian State was aware of the grave human rights violations occurring at Fazenda Brazil Verde. The case came to public attention in the 2000s when two employees escaped from the scene. To elucidate the seriousness of the issue and the inertia of the Brazilian state, it will now briefly explain the situation that occurred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In December 1988, the Federal Police received a report of slave labor at Fazenda Brazil Verde and the disappearance of two young people, presented by the Pastoral Land and Diocese Commission of the Concei\u00e7\u00e3o de Araguaia Commission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In November 1998, the Pastoral Land Commission (CPT) and the Center for Justice and International Law (CEJIL) denounced the Brazilian State to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights for omitting the criminal practice of conditions analogous to slavery among workers at Fazenda Brazil. Green, a fact that has occurred since 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Ministry of Labor inspected the Treasury in March 2000, during which it concluded that the workers were in a condition analogous to slavery and rescued 80 people. Other inspections had already taken place, especially in 1993, 1996, and 1997, and the same practice was found in all of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Only in February 2001 that a police investigation was opened to determine the criminal liability of those responsible for the crimes. However, due to a procedural issue (conflict of jurisdiction), the Federal Court of Marab\u00e1 referred the case to the State Court in Xinguara, Par\u00e1, at which time the investigation disappeared. It should be noted that on that date, there was still no agreement to establish the jurisdiction of the Federal Court to consider cases related to conditions similar to slavery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In November 2011, almost eleven years after the opening of the police investigation, the Commission concluded that the Brazilian State violated the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, and in March 2015, the Commission asked the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) the international accountability of Brazil for human rights violations committed at Fazenda Brazil Verde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The conviction of the Brazilian State occurred in October 2016 for its omissive conduct (not taking measures to avoid work analogous to slavery). The Court determined that Brazil reopen police investigations. This procedure was necessary to identify those responsible and achieve effective punishment, in addition to the payment of compensation to the victims in the amount of five million dollars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2017, the Public Prosecutor&#8217;s Office of the Municipality of Reden\u00e7\u00e3o in Par\u00e1 initiated criminal investigative procedure No. 1.23.005.000177\/2017-62. As a result, 72 of the 80 victims were identified and located. In November of the same year, the acting prosecutor requested the creation of a task force to assist in the investigation, given the complexity and seriousness of the facts. The result of the task force was authorized in December through Ordinance No. 1326, signed by the Attorney General of the Republic, Raquel Dodge, appointing four attorneys to act in the procedure above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On September 13, 2019, the Federal Public Ministry filed a complaint against Jo\u00e3o Luiz Quagliato Neto and Ant\u00f4nio Jorge Vieira, owner and manager of Fazenda Brasil Verde (at the time of the events), for committing the crimes of reducing the condition analogous to slavery, frustration of rights guaranteed by labor law and recruitment of workers from one location to another in the national territory, provided for in articles 149, 203 and 207, respectively, of the Brazilian Penal Code. (2)&nbsp;The complaint was received in the criminal action on January 27, 2020. Finally, on June 27, 2023, Jo\u00e3o Luiz Quagliato Neto and Ant\u00f4nio Jorge Vieira were sentenced to 7 years and six months of detention by the Federal Civil and Criminal Court of the Reden\u00e7\u00e3o Judicial Subsection, state of Par\u00e1. (3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NOTES AND REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1)&nbsp;INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS.&nbsp;<strong>Case of Brasil Verde Farm Workers vs. Brazil. Preliminary Exceptions, Merits, Reparations, and Costs. Judgment of October 20, 2016. Series C No. 318<\/strong>.&nbsp;Available at:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.corteidh.or.cr\/docs\/casos\/articulos\/seriec_318_por.pdf\">https:\/\/www.corteidh.or.cr\/docs\/casos\/articulos\/seriec_318_por.pdf<\/a>.&nbsp;Access at: Sep. 22, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) BRASIL. Minist\u00e9rio P\u00fablico Federal.&nbsp;<strong>Den\u00fancia,&nbsp;<\/strong>Procedimento Investigat\u00f3rio Criminal (PIC) n.\u00ba 1.23.005.000177\/2017-62. Isadora chaves Carvalho et al. Reden\u00e7\u00e3o. Em: 13\/09\/2019.&nbsp;Available at:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.estadao.com.br\/blogs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/01\/Denuncia_cota_MPF_caso_fazenda_Brasil_Verde_PA_proc_0001923-54.2019.4.01.3905.pdf\">https:\/\/www.estadao.com.br\/blogs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/01\/Denuncia_cota_MPF_caso_fazenda_Brasil_Verde_PA_proc_0001923-54.2019.4.01.3905.pdf<\/a>.&nbsp;Access at:&nbsp;Sep. 23, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(3) BRASIL. Tribunal Regional Federal da 1\u00aa Regi\u00e3o.&nbsp;<strong>Senten\u00e7a tipo \u201cd\u201d,&nbsp;<\/strong>Processo n.\u00ba 0000001-41.2020.4.01.3905. Juiz Federal Substituto Hallisson Costa Gl\u00f3ria. Reden\u00e7\u00e3o. J. em: 27\/06\/2023.&nbsp;Available at:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mpf.mp.br\/pa\/sala-de-imprensa\/documentos\/2023\/SentenaBrasilVerde.pdf\">https:\/\/www.mpf.mp.br\/pa\/sala-de-imprensa\/documentos\/2023\/SentenaBrasilVerde.pdf<\/a>.&nbsp;Access at:&nbsp;Sep. 23, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BRASIL. Portaria n\u00ba 1.326 de 12 de dezembro de 2017.&nbsp;Available at:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/biblioteca.mpf.mp.br\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/911b1fac-e3ff-4700-97d4-c9b52eeee9df\/content\">https:\/\/biblioteca.mpf.mp.br\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/911b1fac-e3ff-4700-97d4-c9b52eeee9df\/content<\/a>.&nbsp;Access at: 23 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS.&nbsp;<strong>Case of Brasil Verde Farm Workers vs. Brazil. Preliminary Exceptions, Merits, Reparations, and Costs. Judgment of October 20, 2016. Series C No. 318<\/strong>.&nbsp;Available at:&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.corteidh.or.cr\/sitios\/libros\/todos\/docs\/cuadernillo36_2022_port1.pdf\">https:\/\/www.corteidh.or.cr\/sitios\/libros\/todos\/docs\/cuadernillo36_2022_port1.pdf<\/a>.&nbsp;Access at:&nbsp;Sep. 22, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>SE\u00c7\u00c3O 5:<\/u><\/strong><strong>&nbsp;NOT\u00cdCIAS DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Rumo a uma coordena\u00e7\u00e3o da seguran\u00e7a social mais digital: Comiss\u00e3o prop\u00f5e medidas para facilitar aos europeus viver, trabalhar e viajar para o estrangeiro.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Texto e tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre de Marcela Bittencourt Brey, Mestre em Direitos Humanos pela Faculdade de Direito da USP, Pesquisadora do Projeto&nbsp;<em>Global Crossings&nbsp;<\/em>da Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, C\u00e1tedra Jean Monnet \u2013 Uni\u00e3o Europeia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Amparado nos direitos dos cidad\u00e3os de estados partes da Uni\u00e3o Europeia (UE) a viajar, trabalhar, estudar e viver noutro pa\u00eds membro da referida Uni\u00e3o, a Comiss\u00e3o Europeia prop\u00f4s no dia 06 de setembro de 2023, medidas concretas para auxiliar a digitaliza\u00e7\u00e3o cont\u00ednua e coordena\u00e7\u00e3o dos sistemas de seguran\u00e7a social na Europa.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A proposta sugere a\u00e7\u00f5es para tornar o acesso aos servi\u00e7os de seguran\u00e7a social mais r\u00e1pido e simples, ultrapassando as fronteiras burocr\u00e1ticas e estatais, por meio da utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de ferramentas digitais, diminuindo por sua vez, os encargos administrativos para os cidad\u00e3os e as empresas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A necessidade da proposta emerge da dificuldade para o compartilhamento dos dados dos cidad\u00e3os na UE e o fluxo transfronteiri\u00e7o das informa\u00e7\u00f5es que envolvem a seguran\u00e7a social, as institui\u00e7\u00f5es nacionais, os prestadores de servi\u00e7os de sa\u00fade e as fiscaliza\u00e7\u00f5es das rela\u00e7\u00f5es de trabalho.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O modelo sugerido pela UE visa melhorar o interc\u00e2mbio e a circula\u00e7\u00e3o das informa\u00e7\u00f5es entre as institui\u00e7\u00f5es nacionais de seguran\u00e7a social. Desta forma, espera-se agilidade para a concess\u00e3o de benef\u00edcios aos cidad\u00e3os. Dentre as medidas sugeridas na proposta est\u00e1 a introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de carteiras de identidade digital na UE. Por meio desse novo modelo de documento, os cidad\u00e3os da UE poder\u00e3o transportar vers\u00f5es digitais de documentos, como o Cart\u00e3o Europeu de Seguro de Doen\u00e7a e com isso, facilitar\u00e1 o fluxo das informa\u00e7\u00f5es e compartilhamento dos dados pessoais \u00e0s institui\u00e7\u00f5es de seguran\u00e7a social, \u00e0s inspe\u00e7\u00f5es das rela\u00e7\u00f5es de trabalho e aos prestadores de servi\u00e7o de sa\u00fade, com a transfer\u00eancia instant\u00e2nea e verifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos documentos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Estima-se que 235 milh\u00f5es de cidad\u00e3os ser\u00e3o beneficiados na Europa. Esse n\u00famero reflete a quantidade de pessoas na Europa que possuem o Cart\u00e3o Europeu de Seguro de Doen\u00e7a. Tal documento, auxilia as pessoas a obter acesso ao servi\u00e7o m\u00e9dico necess\u00e1rio quando est\u00e3o fora de seu pa\u00eds. A medida prev\u00ea a facilita\u00e7\u00e3o do modo dos cidad\u00e3os europeus de viver, trabalhar, estudar e viajar para outro pa\u00eds da UE. Mas, n\u00e3o somente os cidad\u00e3os ser\u00e3o beneficiados, s\u00e3o eleg\u00edveis ao benef\u00edcio tamb\u00e9m, as empresas que fazem neg\u00f3cios com outros pa\u00edses da UE.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>REFER\u00caNCIAS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/Users\/claudialoureiro\/Downloads\/COMISS%C3%83O%20EUROPEIA.%20Press%20Release.%20Towards%20a%20more%20digital%20social%20security%20coordination:%20Comission%20proposes%20steps%20to%20make%20it%20easier%20for%20Europeans%20to%20live,%20work%20and%20travel%20abroad.%206%20de%20Setembro%202023.%20Dispon%C3%ADvel%20em:%20https:\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/IP_23_4263\">COMISS\u00c3O EUROPEIA. Press Release.&nbsp;<strong>Towards a more digital social security coordination: Commission proposes making it easier for Europeans to live, work, and travel abroad.&nbsp;<\/strong>Six de<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Setembro 2023. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/IP_23_4263<\/a>. Acesso em: 20 set. 2023.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vers\u00e3o em ingl\u00eas<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Towards a more digital social security coordination: Commission proposes steps to make it easier for Europeans to live, work, and travel abroad.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Text and free translation by Marcela Bittencourt Brey, Master\u2019s Degree in Human Rights from the Law School of University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Researcher of the Global Crossings Project at the Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia, Jean Monnet Chair \u2013 European Union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Supported by the rights of citizens of states party to the European Union (EU) to travel, work, study, and live in another member country of that Union, the European Commission proposed on September 6, 2023, concrete measures to assist continued digitalization and coordination of social security systems in Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The proposal suggests making access to social security services faster and more straightforward, going beyond bureaucratic and state borders through digital tools, and reducing administrative burdens for citizens and companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The need for the proposal arises from the difficulty in sharing citizens&#8217; data in the EU and the cross-border flow of information involving social security, national institutions, health service providers, and inspections of labor relations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The model suggested by the EU aims to improve the exchange and circulation of information between national social security institutions. In this way, agility is expected in granting benefits to citizens. Among the measures suggested in the proposal is introducing digital identity cards in the EU. Through this new document model, EU citizens will be able to carry digital versions of documents, such as the European Health Insurance Card. They will facilitate the flow of information and sharing of personal data to social security institutions, inspections of labor relations and health service providers, with instant transfer and verification of documents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is estimated that 235 million citizens will benefit in Europe. This number reflects the number of European people who have a European Health Insurance Card. Such a document helps people obtain access to necessary medical services when they are outside their country. The measure facilitates the way European citizens live, work, study, and travel to other EU country. But not only citizens will benefit; companies that do business with other EU countries are also eligible for the benefit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EUROPEAN COMMISSION.&nbsp;<a href=\"file:\/\/\/Users\/claudialoureiro\/Downloads\/Press%20Release.%20Towards%20a%20more%20digital%20social%20security%20coordination:%20Comission%20proposes%20steps%20to%20make%20it%20easier%20for%20Europeans%20to%20live,%20work%20and%20travel%20abroad.%206%20de%20Setembro%202023.%20Dispon%C3%ADvel%20em:%20https:\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/IP_23_4263\">Press Release.&nbsp;<strong>Towards a more digital social security coordination: Commission proposes steps to make it easier for Europeans to live, work and travel abroad.&nbsp;<\/strong>Six de<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Setembro 2023.&nbsp;Available at:https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/IP_23_4263<\/a>.&nbsp;Access at: Sep. 20, 2023.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Economia circular: entra em vigor nova lei sobre baterias mais sustent\u00e1veis, circulares e seguras.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Texto e tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre de Marcela Bittencourt Brey, Mestre em Direitos Humanos pela Faculdade de Direito da USP, Pesquisadora do Projeto&nbsp;<em>Global Crossings&nbsp;<\/em>da Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, C\u00e1tedra Jean Monnet \u2013 Uni\u00e3o Europeia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Desde 2006, as baterias e os seus res\u00edduos s\u00e3o regulamentados no seio da Uni\u00e3o Europeia (UE) pela&nbsp;<em>Diretiva Baterias.&nbsp;<\/em>A essa normativa foi sugerida proposta de altera\u00e7\u00e3o em dezembro de 2020, em virtude das novas condi\u00e7\u00f5es socioecon\u00f4micas, dos desenvolvimentos tecnol\u00f3gicos, dos mercados e utiliza\u00e7\u00f5es de baterias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A nova lei, que entrou em vigor no dia 17 de agosto de 2023, visa garantir que as baterias sejam recolhidas, reutilizadas e recicladas na Europa. Esse novo Regulamento pretende minimizar o impacto ambiental no consumo mundial da UE, com baterias que possuam baixa pegada de carbono, uso do m\u00ednimo poss\u00edvel de subst\u00e2ncias nocivas e que tamb\u00e9m necessitem de menos mat\u00e9rias-primas de pa\u00edses terceiros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A medida visa apoiar a transi\u00e7\u00e3o da UE para uma economia circular, aumentando a seguran\u00e7a e armazenamento de mat\u00e9rias-primas e energia, refor\u00e7ando a autonomia estrat\u00e9gica.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A exig\u00eancia pelo consumo por baterias no mundo tem aumentado rapidamente e a previs\u00e3o \u00e9 de que se aumente at\u00e9 14 vezes at\u00e9 2030 no cen\u00e1rio mundial. A UE pode ser respons\u00e1vel por 17% desse consumo mundial.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esse aumento por baterias desencadear\u00e1 a maior procura de mat\u00e9rias-primas. Portanto, a lei tamb\u00e9m se fundamenta na necessidade para minimizar o impacto ambiental da UE. Nesse horizonte, sens\u00edveis a esse cen\u00e1rio, desde 2017, a Comiss\u00e3o havia lan\u00e7ado a Alian\u00e7a Europeia para as Baterias visando construir uma cadeia de valor de baterias inovadora, sustent\u00e1vel e globalmente competitiva na Europa.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Os pr\u00f3ximos passos concentram-se nos esfor\u00e7os da aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da lei nos Estados-Membros da UE e na reda\u00e7\u00e3o de lei por estes, para que haja regras mais detalhadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>REFER\u00caNCIAS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>COMISS\u00c3O EUROPEIA. Directorate-General for Environment.&nbsp;<strong>Circular economy: New law on more sustainable, circular, and safe batteries enters into force<\/strong><em>.<\/em>&nbsp;17 Agosto 2023. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/news\/new-law-more-sustainable-circular-and-safe-batteries-enters-force-2023-08-17_en\">https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/news\/new-law-more-sustainable-circular-and-safe-batteries-enters-force-2023-08-17_en<\/a>.Acesso em: 23 set. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vers\u00e3o em ingl\u00eas<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Circular economy: New law on more sustainable, circular, and safe batteries enters into force.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Text and free translation by Marcela Bittencourt Brey, Master\u2019s Degree in Human Rights from the Law School of University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Researcher of the Global Crossings Project at the Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia, Jean Monnet Chair \u2013 European Union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since 2006, batteries and their waste have been regulated within the European Union (EU) by the Batteries Directive. A proposed change was suggested to this regulation in December 2020 due to new socioeconomic conditions, technological developments, markets, and uses of batteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The new law, enacted on August 17, 2023, aims to ensure that batteries are collected, reused, and recycled in Europe. This new Regulation aims to minimize the environmental impact on global EU consumption, with batteries with a low carbon footprint, using as few harmful substances as possible and requiring fewer raw materials from third countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The measure aims to support the EU&#8217;s transition to a circular economy by increasing the security and storage of raw materials and energy, strengthening strategic autonomy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The demand for battery consumption worldwide has increased rapidly and is expected to increase up to 14 times by 2030 on the global stage. The EU may be responsible for 17% of this global consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This surge in batteries will trigger greater demand for raw materials. Therefore, the law is also based on minimizing the EU&#8217;s environmental impact. On this horizon, sensitive to this scenario, since 2017, the Commission has launched the European Battery Alliance to build an innovative, sustainable, and globally competitive battery value chain in Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following steps focus on law enforcement efforts in EU Member States and their drafting of laws so that there are more detailed rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Directorate-General for Environment.&nbsp;<strong>Circular economy: New law on more sustainable, circular, and safe batteries enters into force<\/strong><em>.<\/em>&nbsp;August 17, 2023. Available at:<a href=\"https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/news\/new-law-more-sustainable-circular-and-safe-batteries-enters-force-2023-08-17_en\">https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/news\/new-law-more-sustainable-circular-and-safe-batteries-enters-force-2023-08-17_en<\/a>.&nbsp;Access at: Sep. 23, 2023.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PROJETO CLOBAL CROSSINGS C\u00c1TEDRA JEAN MONNET\/UFU COORDENA\u00c7\u00c3O: PROFA. CLAUDIA LOUREIRO NEWSLETTER SETEMBRO\/2023 SE\u00c7\u00c3O 1: PRINCIPAIS JULGAMENTOS DO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTI\u00c7A DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA EIXO CIDADANIA GLOBAL Texto e tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre de Marcela Bittencourt Brey, Mestre em Direitos Humanos pela Faculdade de Direito da USP, Pesquisadora do Projeto&nbsp;Global Crossings&nbsp;da Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, C\u00e1tedra Jean Monnet [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":290,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-newsletter"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/777","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=777"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/777\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":778,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/777\/revisions\/778"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/290"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=777"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=777"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}