{"id":737,"date":"2023-06-27T20:42:10","date_gmt":"2023-06-27T23:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/?p=737"},"modified":"2023-06-27T20:42:10","modified_gmt":"2023-06-27T23:42:10","slug":"737","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/2023\/06\/27\/737\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

NEWSLETTER – JUNHO\/2023<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

GLOBAL CROSSINGS PROJECT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00c1TEDRA JEAN MONNET\/UFU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

COORDENA\u00c7\u00c3O: PROFA. CLAUDIA LOUREIRO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SE\u00c7\u00c3O 1: PRINCIPAIS JULGAMENTOS DO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTI\u00c7A DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO TRANSHUMANIDADE<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia \u2013 Processo C-167\/12: A licen\u00e7a de maternidade de pelo menos 14 semanas n\u00e3o \u00e9 duplicada, mas deve ser repartida pelas duas m\u00e3es, sendo que cada uma delas deve ter direito ao gozo de uma licen\u00e7a de, pelo menos, duas semanas.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Texto e tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre de Marcela Bittencourt Brey, Mestre em Direitos Humanos pela Faculdade de Direito da USP, Pesquisadora do Projeto Global Crossings <\/em>da Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, C\u00e1tedra Jean Monnet \u2013 Uni\u00e3o Europeia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia, em Luxemburgo, aos 26 de setembro de 2013 julgou mat\u00e9ria importante relativa \u00e0 maternidade de substitui\u00e7\u00e3o e o direito \u00e0 licen\u00e7a maternidade. O Tribunal considerou, que muito embora a tem\u00e1tica n\u00e3o esteja regulada de forma homog\u00eanea na Uni\u00e3o Europeia, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio priorizar a licen\u00e7a maternidade a ambas as m\u00e3es, ou seja, a m\u00e3e que cedeu o \u00fatero e o \u00f3vulo (maternidade de substitui\u00e7\u00e3o), ou seja, \u00e0quela que gerou a crian\u00e7a e a m\u00e3e intencional (\u00e0quela que permanece com a guarda da crian\u00e7a ap\u00f3s o parto). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

No julgado, o Tribunal reconheceu a responsabilidade parental total e permanente sobre a crian\u00e7a \u00e0 m\u00e3e intencional e ao seu companheiro. Foi ressaltado na decis\u00e3o, que em 1992, quando o legislador da Uni\u00e3o Europeia aprovou a regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o da licen\u00e7a maternidade (Diretiva 92\/85\/CEE do Conselho de 19 de outubro de 1992), o instrumento legal s\u00f3 considerou a maternidade biol\u00f3gica, excluindo o fen\u00f4meno da maternidade de substitui\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A import\u00e2ncia do julgado reflete-se n\u00e3o somente na seara do direito c\u00edvel ou de fam\u00edlia, mas no \u00e2mbito trabalhista, j\u00e1 que foi imposto ao empregador da m\u00e3e intencional pagar a esta o valor referente \u00e0 licen\u00e7a maternidade ou ado\u00e7\u00e3o remunerada. Assim, nele considerou inclusive, necess\u00e1rio repartir o per\u00edodo da licen\u00e7a maternidade entre as duas m\u00e3es. Por conseguinte, segundo a decis\u00e3o, ambas devem ter direito ao gozo de uma licen\u00e7a, pelo per\u00edodo n\u00e3o inferior a duas semanas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFER\u00caNCIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

TRIBUNAL DE JUSTI\u00c7A DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/2013-09\/cp130115pt.pdf<\/a> . <\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Acesso em: 05 jun. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vers\u00e3o em Ingl\u00eas<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SECTION 1: MAIN JUDGMENTS OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

AXIS: TRANSHUMANITY<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Court of Justice of the European Union – Case C-167\/12: Maternity leave of at least 14 weeks is not duplicated but must be shared between the two mothers, each of whom must be entitled to a leave of at least two weeks.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text and free translation by Marcela Bittencourt Brey, Master\u2019s Degree in Human Rights from the Law School of University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Researcher of the Global Crossings Project at the Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia, Jean Monnet Chair \u2013 European Union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Court of Justice of the European Union, in Luxembourg, on September 26, 2013, ruled on an important matter related to surrogacy and the right to maternity leave. The Court considered that, despite the issue not being homogeneously regulated in the European Union, it is necessary to prioritize maternity leave for both mothers, that is, the mother who ceded the uterus, the ovum (replacement maternity), that is, the one who generated the child and the intentional mother (the one who remains in the custody of the child after delivery).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the judgment, the Court recognized total and permanent parental responsibility over the child and the intentional mother and her partner. It was emphasized in the decision that in 1992, when the European Union legislator approved the regulation of maternity leave (Council Directive 92\/85\/EEC of October 19, 1992), the legal instrument only considered biological maternity, excluding the phenomenon of surrogate motherhood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The importance of the judgment is reflected not only in the area of civil or family law but in the labor field since it was imposed on the intentional mother’s employer to pay maternity leave or paid adoption. Thus, it was even considered necessary to share the period of maternity leave between the two mothers. Therefore, according to the decision, both must be entitled to enjoy a leave for no less than two weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFERENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Opinion of the Advocate General delivered in Case C-167\/12 CD \/ ST<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em>Available at: https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/2013-09\/cp130115pt.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Access at: Jun. 05, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SE\u00c7\u00c3O 2: CORTE EUROPEIA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS \u2013 PRINCIPAIS JULGADOS  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO: MUDAN\u00c7AS CLIM\u00c1TICAS E ECOC\u00cdDIO<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos – meio ambiente – Dzemyuk v. Ucr\u00e2nia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Texto e tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre de Val\u00e9ria Em\u00edlia de Aquino, Doutoranda em Direitos Humanos pela Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s, Brasil e bolsista-sandu\u00edche CAPES pela Universidade de Floren\u00e7a, It\u00e1lia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O presente caso trata de uma contenda entre o autor e a Ucr\u00e2nia, perante a Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos, em raz\u00e3o da constru\u00e7\u00e3o de um cemit\u00e9rio perto de sua casa, em Tatariv, na regi\u00e3o de Yaremeche. O mesmo alegou que o cemit\u00e9rio violou o seu direito ao domic\u00edlio e vida privada, nos termos do Artigo 8, da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o Europeia, pela contamina\u00e7\u00e3o do seu abastecimento de \u00e1gua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A senten\u00e7a, de 4 de setembro de 2014, \u00e9 considerada como um dos marcos no que concerne \u00e0 responsabilidade do Estado por dano ambiental, de maneira que considerou que diante da aus\u00eancia atual de dano para a sa\u00fade do autor, caberia \u00e0 Corte estabelecer se os potenciais riscos ambientais teriam um link de causalidade direto com a vida privada e domiciliar do autor, ao ponto de afetar a sua qualidade de vida e bem-estar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Al\u00e9m disso, observou que o cemit\u00e9rio estava em localiza\u00e7\u00e3o que nitidamente constitu\u00eda-se como uma clara e flagrante viola\u00e7\u00e3o dos regulamentos sanit\u00e1rios e de sa\u00fade ambiental, que vedavam a constru\u00e7\u00e3o em localiza\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00f3xima a pr\u00e9dios residenciais, assim como pr\u00f3ximo \u00e0s fontes de \u00e1gua. Desta forma, conclui-se que o cemit\u00e9rio, de fato, interferia o direito alegado pelo autor, visto que violava a legisla\u00e7\u00e3o dom\u00e9stica competente. Assim, a Corte condenou o pa\u00eds ao pagamento de 6.000 euros ao autor, a t\u00edtulo de danos extrapatrimoniais, pela viola\u00e7\u00e3o em quest\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFER\u00caNCIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT. DZEMYUK V. UKRAINE.<\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em: http:\/\/www.srenvironment.org\/node\/1975. Acesso em: 24 jun. 2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vers\u00e3o em Ingl\u00eas<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SECTION 2: EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS \u2013 MAIN JUDGMENTS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

AXIS: CLIMATE CHANGE AND ECOCIDIUM<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

European Court of Human Rights – environment – Dzemyuk v. Ukraine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text and translation by Val\u00e9ria Em\u00edlia de Aquino, Ph.D. Student, Human Rights, Law School, University Federal of Goias, Brazil and CAPES scholarship, Brazil\/ University of Florence, Italy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The present case is about a dispute between the author and Ukraine, before the European Court of Human Rights, due to the construction a cemetery near his home, in Tatariv, in the region of Yaremeche. He alleged that the cemetery violated his right to a house and private life, under the terms of Article 8 of the European Convention, by contaminating his water supply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The judgment, dated September 4, 2014, is considered one of the milestones regarding the State’s responsibility for environmental damage, so it thought that, given the current absence of damage to the author’s health, it would be up to the Court to establish whether the potential environmental risks would have a direct causal link with the author’s private and home life, to the point of affecting his quality of life and well-being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, it noted that the cemetery was located in a location that constituted a clear and flagrant violation of sanitary and environmental health regulations, which prohibited construction in an area close to residential buildings and water sources. In this way, it is concluded that the cemetery interfered with the right claimed by the author since it violated the competent domestic legislation. Thus, the Court condemned the country to pay 6,000 euros to the author, by way of non-pecuniary damages, for the violation in question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFERENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT. DZEMYUK V. UKRAINE.<\/strong>Available at: http:\/\/www.srenvironment.org\/node\/1975. Access at: Jun. 24, 2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

SE\u00c7\u00c3O 3:<\/strong> CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO: CIDADANIA GLOBAL<\/u><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Migrantes indocumentados: reflex\u00f5es cr\u00edticas a partir da Opini\u00e3o Consultiva n\u00ba 18\/03 da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Texto e tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre de Izabella Vieira Nunes, mestranda na Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia (UFU), bolsista CAPES\/BRASIL<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em setembro de 2003, a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (Corte IDH) concedeu a Opini\u00e3o Consultiva n\u00ba 18 (OC n\u00ba 18\/03), solicitada pelos Estados Unidos do M\u00e9xico, cuja tem\u00e1tica central foi averiguar a condi\u00e7\u00e3o jur\u00eddica e os direitos dos migrantes indocumentados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A partir de uma breve s\u00edntese hist\u00f3rico-social para an\u00e1lise da tem\u00e1tica elucidada, verifica-se que os processos de globaliza\u00e7\u00e3o viabilizam que determinadas convic\u00e7\u00f5es locais estendam suas influ\u00eancias para todo o mundo. Muito embora o ideal transmitido seja de universalidades, o que se verifica, na pr\u00e1tica, \u00e9 a rela\u00e7\u00e3o colonial entre as regi\u00f5es centrais e perif\u00e9ricas. As formas de domina\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00e1ssicas, portanto, n\u00e3o foram abandonadas por completo. Ao contr\u00e1rio, a \u2018moderna\u2019 sistem\u00e1tica mundial associa-se aos padr\u00f5es tradicionais de explora\u00e7\u00e3o, atrelados aos novos elementos de controle, tais como for\u00e7a de trabalho, economia, religi\u00e3o, cultura e biologia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Essa tens\u00e3o amplifica as lutas por reconhecimento e, igualmente, as pol\u00edticas de securitiza\u00e7\u00e3o nas fronteiras, motivo pelo qual Loureiro (2021) compreende os fluxos migrat\u00f3rios como produtos da sociedade de risco descrita por Beck (2011). Sob esta \u00f3tica, a mobilidade humana, sobretudo na contemporaneidade, revela-se como um fen\u00f4meno essencial na hist\u00f3ria da Humanidade (LOUREIRO, 2021), por vezes, mas n\u00e3o exclusivamente, atrelado \u00e0 busca por melhores condi\u00e7\u00f5es de uma vida digna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neste contexto, dentre os princ\u00edpios elementares para a an\u00e1lise proposta, a Corte IDH deu enfoque \u00e0 n\u00e3o-discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o e \u00e0 igualdade, do que se extraiu a conclus\u00e3o de veda\u00e7\u00e3o de tratamentos discriminat\u00f3rios aos migrantes, sejam estes regulares ou n\u00e3o, inclusive, dispondo sobre a responsabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o internacional do Estado que tolerar ou perpetrar qualquer tratamento discriminat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Noutra ponta, a Corte ratificou a possibilidade de distin\u00e7\u00f5es de tratamento aos migrantes, a fim de assegurar-lhes a m\u00e1xima prote\u00e7\u00e3o poss\u00edvel a seus direitos, diante da situa\u00e7\u00e3o de vulnerabilidades as quais est\u00e3o submetidos. Muito embora seja necess\u00e1ria e, at\u00e9 mesmo, incentivada a distin\u00e7\u00e3o, esta n\u00e3o pode ser expressa por medidas arbitr\u00e1rias e que desrespeitem a dignidade dos migrantes, sobretudo, indocumentados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O arcabou\u00e7o principiol\u00f3gico amplamente utilizado pela Corte refor\u00e7a o car\u00e1ter imperativo e vinculativo destes (natureza jus cogens<\/em>), com fundamento nos paradigmas advindos dos Direitos Humanos. Nesta perspectiva, embora n\u00e3o haja uma defini\u00e7\u00e3o concreta de migrantes indocumentados, o denominador comum indicado pela Corte IDH \u00e9 a irregularidade no Estado em que se encontra, o que, por si s\u00f3, representa uma vulnerabilidade. Por consequ\u00eancia, estes sujeitos n\u00e3o podem ter o exerc\u00edcio de seus direitos obstados pela condi\u00e7\u00e3o migrat\u00f3ria que os acomete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deste modo, os direitos humanos e a solidariedade ascendem como pressupostos emancipat\u00f3rios da Humanidade a partir de um vi\u00e9s multicultural e de acolhimento para a supera\u00e7\u00e3o dos paradigmas imperantes. Nas li\u00e7\u00f5es de Tepedino (2009, p. 62) \u201ca crescente vulnerabilidade da pessoa humana diante da internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o da economia e dos problemas transcendem as barreiras geogr\u00e1ficas dos pa\u00edses\u201d. O ser humano, para ser tutelado em toda a sua dignidade, precisa ser protegido por um novo paradigma, qual seja, a personalidade jur\u00eddica internacionalmente considerada (LOUREIRO, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tra\u00e7adas estas breves considera\u00e7\u00f5es, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel concluir que a cidadania enquanto pertencimento global pressup\u00f5e a ressignifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos institutos jur\u00eddicos sob o vi\u00e9s cosmopolita, \u00e0 luz dos Direitos Humanos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFER\u00caNCIAS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

BECK, Ulrich. Sociedade de risco<\/strong>: rumo a uma outra modernidade. 1944. Trad. de Sebasti\u00e3o Nascimento; inclui entrevista in\u00e9dita com o autor – S\u00e3o Paulo: Editora 34, 2011 (2. ed.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CORTE IDH. Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. OC n\u00ba 18\/03<\/strong>. A condi\u00e7\u00e3o jur\u00eddica e os direitos dos migrantes indocumentados. 2003. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.corteidh.or.cr\/docs\/opiniones\/seriea_18_por.pdf<\/a>. Acesso em: 16 jun. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LOUREIRO, Claudia. O imigrante como cidad\u00e3o global<\/strong>: uma perspectiva multicultural. Latin American Journal of European Studies. Florian\u00f3polis-SC, v. 01, n\u00ba 02 – jul\/dec 2021. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/laces\/issue\/view\/2. Acesso em: 05 maio 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SOUSA SANTOS, Boaventura de. Desglobaliza\u00e7\u00e3o. Outras Palavras<\/strong>. 2017. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/outraspalavras.net\/geopoliticaeguerra\/boaventura-a-ilusoria-desglobalizacao\/. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TEPEDINO, Gustavo. Temas de Direito Civil<\/strong> \u2013 Tomo III. \u2013 Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vers\u00e3o em Ingl\u00eas<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Undocumented Migrants: Critical Reflections on the Consultative Opinion No. 18\/03 of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text and translation by Izabella Vieira Nunes, master’s degree student in Law School, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, CAPES scholarship, Brazil.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In September 2003, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) issued Advisory Opinion n\u00ba. 18 (OC No. 18\/03), requested by the United States of Mexico, whose central theme was investigating the legal status and rights of undocumented migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Based on a brief historical and social summary to analyze the elucidated theme, globalization allows certain local convictions to extend their influence worldwide. Although the transmitted ideal is of universality, what is verified, in practice, is the colonial relationship between central and peripheral regions. The classical forms of domination, therefore, have been partially abandoned. On the contrary, the ‘modern’ world systematics are associated with traditional patterns of exploitation, coupled with new control elements, such as labor, economy, religion, culture, and biology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This tension amplifies the struggles for recognition and, equally, the securitization policies at borders, which is why Loureiro (2021) understands migration flows as products of the risk society described by Beck (2011). From this perspective, human mobility, especially in contemporary times, is an essential phenomenon in human history (LOUREIRO, 2021), sometimes, but not exclusively, linked to the search for better conditions for a dignified life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, among the elementary principles for the proposed analysis, the IACHR has focused on non-discrimination and equality, which leads to the conclusion that discriminatory treatment of migrants is prohibited, whether regular or irregular and even provides for the international responsibility of the state that tolerates or perpetrates any discriminatory treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the other hand, the Court ratified the possibility of distinguishing treatment for migrants to assure them the maximum protection for their rights, given the vulnerable situation to which they are submitted. Although the distinction is necessary and even encouraged, it cannot be expressed by arbitrary measures that disrespect the dignity of migrants, especially undocumented ones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The principles widely used by the Court reinforce their imperative and binding nature (jus cogens nature) based on human rights paradigms. From this perspective, although there is no concrete definition of undocumented migrants, the common denominator indicated by the IACHR is the irregularity in the State where they find themselves, which represents a vulnerability. Consequently, these individuals cannot exercise their rights impeded by the migratory condition that afflicts them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this way, human rights and solidarity rise as emancipatory assumptions of Humanity from a multicultural and welcoming perspective to overcome the prevailing paradigms. In the lessons of Tepedino (2009, p. 62) “a crescente vulnerabilidade da pessoa humana diante da internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o da economia e dos problemas transcendem as barreiras geogr\u00e1ficas dos pa\u00edses<\/em>“. To be protected in all their dignity, a new paradigm must cover the human being, the internationally considered legal personality (LOUREIRO, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Having outlined these brief considerations, it is possible to conclude that citizenship as global belonging presupposes the re-signification of legal institutes from a cosmopolitan perspective based on human rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

BECK, Ulrich. Sociedade de risco<\/strong>: rumo a uma outra modernidade. 1944. Trad. de Sebasti\u00e3o Nascimento; inclui entrevista in\u00e9dita com o autor – S\u00e3o Paulo: Editora 34, 2011 (2. ed.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CORTE IDH. Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. OC n\u00ba 18\/03<\/strong>. A condi\u00e7\u00e3o jur\u00eddica e os direitos dos migrantes indocumentados. 2003. Available at: https:\/\/www.corteidh.or.cr\/docs\/opiniones\/seriea_18_por.pdf<\/a>. Access at: Jun. 16, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LOUREIRO, Claudia. O imigrante como cidad\u00e3o global<\/strong>: uma perspectiva multicultural. Latin American Journal of European Studies. Florian\u00f3polis-SC, v. 01, n\u00ba 02 – jul\/dec 2021. Available at: https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/laces\/issue\/view\/2. Access at: May 05, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SOUSA SANTOS, Boaventura de. Desglobaliza\u00e7\u00e3o. Outras Palavras<\/strong>. 2017. Available at: https:\/\/outraspalavras.net\/geopoliticaeguerra\/boaventura-a-ilusoria-desglobalizacao\/. Access at: Mar. 25, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TEPEDINO, Gustavo. Temas de Direito Civil<\/strong> \u2013 Tomo III. \u2013 Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SE\u00c7\u00c3O 4:<\/u><\/strong> NOT\u00cdCIAS DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. SEMANA VERDE NA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Texto e tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre de Val\u00e9ria Em\u00edlia de Aquino, Doutoranda em Direitos Humanos pela Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s, Brasil e bolsista-sandu\u00edche CAPES pela Universidade de Floren\u00e7a, It\u00e1lia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    A Semana Verde aconteceu entre 3 de junho de 2023 e 11 de junho de 2023, em Bruxelas (B\u00e9lgica), e reuniu uma s\u00e9rie de autoridades, policy-makers<\/em> e cientistas ambientais, para discutir quest\u00f5es relativas \u00e0s pol\u00edticas ambientais no \u00e2mbito da Uni\u00e3o Europeia, bem como biodiversidade, economia circular, Estado Ambiental de Direito, redu\u00e7\u00e3o de emiss\u00f5es de gases de efeito estufa, entre outros assuntos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    O debate acontece anualmente, e constitui-se como um foro democr\u00e1tico, permitindo que comunidades e indiv\u00edduos venham a engajar e participar em a\u00e7\u00f5es de prote\u00e7\u00e3o, promo\u00e7\u00e3o e engajamento ambiental e clim\u00e1tico, e que promovam o desenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Com a tem\u00e1tica intitulada “Delivering a Net-Zero World”, foram organizados uma s\u00e9rie de workshops<\/em>, debates e confer\u00eancias com especialistas ambientais e ONGs. A abertura contou com o discurso da presidente da Comiss\u00e3o Europeia, Ursula von der Leyen, que destacou os problemas clim\u00e1ticos que a Europa vem enfrentando recentemente, em raz\u00e3o do aumento da temperatura global, causada especialmente pelas emiss\u00f5es oriundas da ind\u00fastria petrol\u00edfera. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Entre os principais problemas enfrentados, foram apontados: secas, tempestades, ondas de calor e inc\u00eandios espont\u00e2neos e enchentes. Al\u00e9m disso, ela tamb\u00e9m ressaltou as metas assumidas pela Uni\u00e3o Europeia no que concerne \u00e0 redu\u00e7\u00e3o da utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis, economia circular, e sobre o emprego de alternativas ecologicamente sustent\u00e1veis, que podem gerar milh\u00f5es de novos postos de trabalho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Por fim, Ursula apontou a necessidade de uma mudan\u00e7a transformativa, por meio dessas a\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas, que possibilitem uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 atual tripla crise planet\u00e1ria. O evento foi marcado por uma semana de intensos debates, assim como pela premia\u00e7\u00e3o “Life Awards Ceremony”, que premiou os finalistas nas categorias: prote\u00e7\u00e3o da Natureza; Meio Ambiente; e A\u00e7\u00e3o Clim\u00e1tica. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    REFER\u00caNCIAS: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    EU GREEN WEEK. Opening of the Conference. Welcome message from Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/green-week.event.europa.eu\/events\/opening-conference-welcome-message-ursula-von-der-leyen-president-european-commission-2023-06-06_en. Acesso em: 20 jun. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    EU GREEN WEEK. Brussels Conference<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/green-week.event.europa.eu\/brussels-conference_en. Acesso em: 20 Jun. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vers\u00e3o em ingl\u00eas<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    GREEN WEEK IN THE EUROPEAN UNION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Text and translation by Val\u00e9ria Em\u00edlia de Aquino, Ph.D. Student, Human Rights, Law School, University Federal of Goias, Brazil and CAPES scholarship, Brazil\/ University of Florence, Italy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The Green Week took place between June 3, 2023, and June 11, 2023, in Brussels (Belgium) and brought together several authorities, policymakers, and environmental scientists, to discuss issues related to environmental policies within the European Union, as well as biodiversity, circular economy, environmental rule of law, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, among other subjects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The debate takes place annually and constitutes a democratic forum, allowing communities and individuals to engage and participate in environmental and climate protection, promotion, and engagement actions that promote sustainable development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    With the theme entitled “Delivering a Net-Zero World,\u201d a series of workshops, debates, and conferences were organized with environmental specialists and NGOs. The opening featured a speech by the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, who highlighted the climate problems Europe has been facing recently due to increased global temperature, caused primarily by emissions from the oil industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Among the main problems faced were droughts, storms, heat waves, spontaneous fires, and floods. In addition, she highlighted the goals assumed by the European Union regarding reducing the use of fossil fuels, the circular economy, and the use of ecologically sustainable alternatives, which can generate millions of new jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Finally, Ursula pointed out the need for transformative change through these climate actions that enable a solution to the current triple planetary crisis. The event was marked by a week of intense debates and the “Life Awards Ceremony,\u201d which awarded the finalists in the categories: protection of Nature, Environment, and Climate Action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    REFERENCES:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    EU GREEN WEEK. Opening of the Conference. Welcome message from Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission<\/strong>. Available at: https:\/\/green-week.event.europa.eu\/events\/opening-conference-welcome-message-ursula-von-der-leyen-president-european-commission-2023-06-06_en. Access at Jun. 20, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    EU GREEN WEEK. Brussels Conference<\/strong>. Available at: https:\/\/green-week.event.europa.eu\/brussels-conference_en. Access at: Jun. 20, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n