{"id":529,"date":"2023-04-19T11:30:25","date_gmt":"2023-04-19T14:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/?p=529"},"modified":"2023-05-03T12:52:59","modified_gmt":"2023-05-03T15:52:59","slug":"analise-do-caso-verein-klima-seniorinnen-schweiz-e-outros-vs-suica-da-corte-europeia-de-direitos-humanos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/2023\/04\/19\/analise-do-caso-verein-klima-seniorinnen-schweiz-e-outros-vs-suica-da-corte-europeia-de-direitos-humanos\/","title":{"rendered":"An\u00e1lise do caso Verein Klima Seniorinnen Schweiz e outros vs. Su\u00ed\u00e7a da Corte Europ\u00e9ia de Direitos Humanos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No dia de hoje (29\/03), aconteceu em Estrasburgo o julgamento de dois importantes casos em mat\u00e9ria clim\u00e1tica: o Caso Verein Klima Seniorinnen Schweiz e outros vs. Su\u00ed\u00e7a; e o Caso Car\u00eame vs. Fran\u00e7a. No primeiro, as principais alega\u00e7\u00f5es foram: a viola\u00e7\u00e3o dos art. 2 (direito \u00e0 vida) e 8 (direito ao respeito pela vida privada e familiar) da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o Europeia de Direitos Humanos; viola\u00e7\u00e3o arbitr\u00e1ria do art. 6 pela Suprema Corte Su\u00ed\u00e7a; e a viola\u00e7\u00e3o ao art. 13, no que se refere ao direito a um recurso efetivo (<em>effective remedy<\/em>).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ap\u00f3s a abertura da sess\u00e3o de julgamento pela presidente O\u2019LEARY, o governo Su\u00ed\u00e7o iniciou a sua defesa, afirmando n\u00e3o reconhecer as viola\u00e7\u00f5es alegadas pelas v\u00edtimas e de que as suas emiss\u00f5es s\u00e3o inferiores \u00e0 m\u00e9dia internacional. Entre as principais teses sustentadas, s\u00e3o a de que as emiss\u00f5es alegadas est\u00e3o al\u00e9m da jurisdi\u00e7\u00e3o do pa\u00eds, e que, portanto, as emiss\u00f5es de gases produzidas no exterior n\u00e3o devem fazer parte do lit\u00edgio. Tamb\u00e9m foi alegado que as requerentes n\u00e3o se qualificam como v\u00edtimas, nos termos da conven\u00e7\u00e3o, porque a Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Klimaseniorinnen n\u00e3o pode ser compreendida como tal. Desta forma, no que concerne o nexo causal, o governo alegou que as v\u00edtimas deveriam ter demonstrado que foram pessoalmente e diretamente afetadas, n\u00e3o cabendo \u201cmera suspeita\u201d neste contexto, e tampouco a assun\u00e7\u00e3o de que a ideia de \u201cvulnerabilidade\u201d seja suficiente para ser considerada como v\u00edtima perante \u00e0 Corte. Por fim, o governo relembra que o mecanismo de controle de convencionalidade da Corte n\u00e3o aceita a a<em>ctio popularis<\/em>, n\u00e3o tendo as requerentes sido afetadas o suficientemente para serem considerados como v\u00edtimas, e, se assim o fossem, o governo refutou o quantum inicialmente pedido, pleiteando uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o para a quantia de 13.000 CHF.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As requerentes, por sua vez, relembraram que os direitos de todas as pessoas e das futuras gera\u00e7\u00f5es ser\u00e3o afetados diante da imin\u00eancia da irreversibilidade dos danos causados at\u00e9 ent\u00e3o, e de que \u00e9 preciso responder os fatos cient\u00edficos com a\u00e7\u00f5es, de maneira que cada institui\u00e7\u00e3o tem responsabilidade e deve agir para mitigar poss\u00edveis danos. Foi alegado que a Su\u00ed\u00e7a falhou em tomar as medidas necess\u00e1rias para mitigar as mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas e reduzir suas emiss\u00f5es, e no que concerne ao status de v\u00edtimas, as requerentes relembraram que os idosos e mulheres idosas s\u00e3o mais vulner\u00e1veis ao aquecimento global e \u00e0s ondas de calor, e de que, a a<em>ctio popularis<\/em> n\u00e3o deve ser rejeitada, porque cada uma das pessoas \u00e9 individualmente afetada, e que os Estados t\u00eam uma obriga\u00e7\u00e3o positiva de prote\u00e7\u00e3o, independentemente se o dano clim\u00e1tico foi causado por agentes p\u00fablicos ou privados. Por fim, foi alegado que o Estado falhou nas suas medidas de mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o, e que o Acordo de Paris \u00e9 um acordo internacional para prevenir as mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas e as viola\u00e7\u00f5es de direitos humanos por elas acarretadas, havendo necessidade de tomar medidas urgentes para proteger estes direitos, em raz\u00e3o do dever de dilig\u00eancia. As requerentes ainda alegaram que a doutrina da margem de aprecia\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o pode ser utilizada para reduzir as metas firmadas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ap\u00f3s as alega\u00e7\u00f5es iniciais do governo Su\u00ed\u00e7o e das requerentes, a sess\u00e3o seguiu com a interven\u00e7\u00e3o do governo Irland\u00eas, e, posteriormente, com a fala da representante das Institui\u00e7\u00f5es Nacionais Europeias de Direitos Humanos (European National Human Rights Institutions), que destacou o estado de emerg\u00eancia clim\u00e1tica que estamos vivendo, bem como os impactos que a decis\u00e3o da Corte poder\u00e1 ter sobre o exerc\u00edcio dos direitos humanos, bem como sobre a transpar\u00eancia e participa\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica em mat\u00e9ria clim\u00e1tica.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ap\u00f3s, os ju\u00edzes conduziram uma s\u00e9rie de perguntas, afim de clarificar os argumentos trazidos pelas partes, que foram respondidos pelo governo Su\u00ed\u00e7o e pelas requerentes. A presidente, ent\u00e3o, encerrou a quest\u00e3o, concedendo prazo \u00e0s partes para responder \u00e0s perguntas remanescentes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O caso em quest\u00e3o \u00e9 um marco para os lit\u00edgios clim\u00e1ticos na Corte Europei a, tendo em vista que \u00e9 o primeiro julgamento de tal tipo, e que pode inaugurar um regime de responsabilidade dos Estados por omiss\u00f5es no que concerne \u00e0 a\u00e7\u00e3o clim\u00e1tica. Apesar das alega\u00e7\u00f5es serem fundamentadas nos dispositivos da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o Europeia de Direitos Humanos, inegavelmente, o caso relaciona-se com o Acordo de Paris, j\u00e1 que as alega\u00e7\u00f5es e questionamentos s\u00e3o provenientes da omiss\u00e3o Su\u00ed\u00e7a em adotar medidas mais ambiciosas e adequadas de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o e mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o, posto que as mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas afetam diretamente o acesso e exerc\u00edcio dos direitos humanos, sobretudo, pelas popula\u00e7\u00f5es mais vulner\u00e1veis. Espera-se que a senten\u00e7a venha a reconhecer a causalidade entre a\u00e7\u00e3o clim\u00e1tica e os danos \u00e0 sa\u00fade e vida humanas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por Val\u00e9ria Em\u00edlia de Aquino&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wednesday 29 March 2023, the judgment of two important cases in climate matters took place in Strasbourg: the case of Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland; and the case of Car\u00eame v. France. In the first, the main allegations were: the violation of article 2 (right to life) and article 8 (right to respect for private and family life) of the European Convention on Human Rights; arbitrary violation of article 6 by the Swiss Supreme Court; and the violation of article 13, regarding the right to an effective remedy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the opening of the trial session by President O&#8217;Leary, the Swiss government began its defense, stating that it did not recognize the violations alleged by the victims and that their emissions were lower than the international average. Among the main theses supported are that the alleged emissions are beyond the jurisdiction of the country, and that, therefore, gas emissions produced abroad should not be part of the litigation. It was also alleged that the applicants do not qualify as victims under the convention because the KlimaSeniorinnen Association cannot be understood as such. Thus, with regard to the causal link, the government claimed that the victims should have demonstrated that they were personally and directly affected, with \u201cmere suspicion\u201d not being applicable in this context, nor the assumption that the idea of \u200b\u200b\u201cvulnerability\u201d is sufficient to be considered as a victim before the Court. Finally, the government recalls that the Court&#8217;s conventionality control mechanism does not accept the <em>actio popularis<\/em>, as the applicants were not affected enough to be considered as victims, and, if so, the government refuted the amount initially requested, claiming a reduction to the sum of 13,000 CHF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The applicants, in turn, recalled that the rights of all people and future generations will be affected in view of the imminence of irreversibility of the damage caused so far, and that it is necessary to respond to scientific facts with actions, so that each institution has responsibility and must act to mitigate possible damages. It was alleged that Switzerland failed to take the necessary measures to mitigate climate change and reduce its emissions, and with regard to the status of victims, the applicants recalled that the elderly and elderly women are more vulnerable to global warming and heat waves , and that the <em>actio popularis<\/em> should not be rejected, because each person is individually affected, and that States have a positive obligation of protection, regardless of whether the climate damage was caused by public or private agents. Finally, it was alleged that the State failed in its mitigation measures, and that the Paris Agreement is an international agreement to prevent climate change and the violations of human rights caused by it, with the need to take urgent measures to protect these rights. , due to the duty of care. The applicants also alleged that the margin of appreciation doctrine cannot be used to reduce the established targets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the initial allegations of the Swiss government and the applicants, the session continued with the intervention of the Irish government, and, later, with the speech of the representative of the European National Human Rights Institutions, who highlighted the state of climate emergency we are experiencing, as well as the impacts that the Court&#8217;s decision may have on the exercise of human rights, as well as on transparency and public participation in climate matters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Afterwards, the judges conducted a series of questions, in order to clarify the arguments brought by the parties, which were answered by the Swiss government and by the applicants. The President then closed the matter, allowing the parties time to respond to the remaining questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The case in question is a milestone for climate litigation at the European Court, given that it is the first judgment of its kind, and that it can inaugurate a regime of responsibility of States for omissions with regard to climate action. Despite the allegations being based on the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights, the case is undeniably related to the Paris Agreement, since the allegations and questions arise from the Swiss failure to adopt more ambitious and adequate adaptation and mitigation measures, since climate change directly affects the access and exercise of human rights, especially by the most vulnerable populations. It is hoped that the judgment will recognize the causality between climate action and damage to human health and life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Text by Val\u00e9ria Em\u00edlia de Aquino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Translation by Guilherme Rodrigues da Silva.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>No dia de hoje (29\/03), aconteceu em Estrasburgo o julgamento de dois importantes casos em mat\u00e9ria clim\u00e1tica: o Caso Verein Klima Seniorinnen Schweiz e outros vs. Su\u00ed\u00e7a; e o Caso Car\u00eame vs. Fran\u00e7a. No primeiro, as principais alega\u00e7\u00f5es foram: a viola\u00e7\u00e3o dos art. 2 (direito \u00e0 vida) e 8 (direito ao respeito pela vida privada [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,12],"tags":[9],"class_list":["post-529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-newsletter","category-ptbr-newsletter","tag-portugues"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/529","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=529"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/529\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":531,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/529\/revisions\/531"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}