{"id":1088,"date":"2024-11-26T21:18:14","date_gmt":"2024-11-27T00:18:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/?p=1088"},"modified":"2024-11-26T21:18:14","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T00:18:14","slug":"newsletter-outubro-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/2024\/11\/26\/newsletter-outubro-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"NEWSLETTER OUTUBRO\/2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

C\u00c1TEDRA JEAN MONNET<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERL\u00c2NDIA<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 PROJETO GLOBAL CROSSINGS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

COORDENA\u00c7\u00c3O: PROFA. CLAUDIA LOUREIRO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ORGANIZA\u00c7\u00c3O E EDI\u00c7\u00c3O: PEDRO LUCCHETTI; THIAGO ROMERO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Not\u00edcias da Uni\u00e3o Europeia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO TEM\u00c1TICO<\/u><\/strong>: Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas e Ecoc\u00eddio<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LITIG\u00c2NCIA CLIM\u00c1TICA NA EU: PROCESSO QUESTIONA SELO DE SUSTENTABILIDADE EM INVESTIMENTOS EM AVIA\u00c7\u00c3O E TRANSPORTE MAR\u00cdTIMO<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Val\u00e9ria Em\u00edlia de Aquino<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ativistas ambientais das ONGs Opportunity Green, CLAW-Initiative for Climate Justice, Dryade e Fossielvrij, peticionaram caso perante o Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia em raz\u00e3o da inclus\u00e3o de avi\u00f5es e navios movidos a combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis na taxonomia verde. Tal mudan\u00e7a passa a inclui-los nas regras de investimentos sustent\u00e1veis do bloco como atividades transit\u00f3rias, j\u00e1 que segundo a Comiss\u00e3o Europeia, alternativas com zero emiss\u00f5es ainda n\u00e3o s\u00e3o \u201ctecnologicamente e economicamente vi\u00e1veis\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os autores alegam que a Uni\u00e3o Europeia agiu ilegalmente, no final de 2023, ao introduzir tal mudan\u00e7a, ao abrandar as regras, j\u00e1 que tais modalidades de transporte s\u00e3o altamente poluentes, respons\u00e1veis por aproximadamente 8% das emiss\u00f5es de gases de efeito estufa do bloco. O documento, que visa prevenir o greenwashing<\/em>, estabelece uma taxonomia para atividades econ\u00f4micas ambientalmente sustent\u00e1veis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ademais, o Greenpeace, a ONG Client Earth e a WWF tamb\u00e9m apresentaram duas queixas separadas no mesmo tribunal, sobre a inclus\u00e3o de g\u00e1s f\u00f3ssil e de energia nuclear na lista de investimentos verdes. Contudo, os casos tamb\u00e9m aguardam julgamento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refer\u00eancias:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CLIMATE HOME NEWS. EU hit with lawsuit over green labelling of aviation and shipping Investments<\/em>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/08\/28\/eu-hit-with-lawsuit-over-green-labelling-of-aviation-and-shipping-investments\/<\/a>. Acesso em: 29 Out. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THEMATIC AXIS<\/u><\/strong>: <\/strong>Climate Change and Ecocide
<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CLIMATE LITIGATION IN THE EU: LAWSUIT QUESTIONS SUSTAINABILITY LABEL ON INVESTMENTS IN AVIATION AND MARITIME TRANSPORT
<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Val\u00e9ria Em\u00edlia de Aquino<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Environmental activists from the NGOs Opportunity Green, CLAW-Initiative for Climate Justice, Dryade, and Fossielvrij have filed a case before the Court of Justice of the European Union regarding the inclusion of fossil fuel-powered planes and ships in the green taxonomy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This change allows them to be classified under the block’s sustainable investment rules as transitional activities, as the European Commission states that zero-emission alternatives are not yet “technologically and economically viable.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The plaintiffs argue that the European Union acted unlawfully at the end of 2023 by introducing this change and relaxing the rules, as these modes of transport are highly polluting, responsible for approximately 8% of the bloc’s greenhouse gas emissions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The document aims to prevent greenwashing by establishing a taxonomy for environmentally sustainable economic activities.Additionally, Greenpeace, Client Earth, and WWF have also filed two separate complaints in the same court regarding the inclusion of fossil gas and nuclear energy in the list of green investments. However, these cases are still awaiting judgment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CLIMATE HOME NEWS. EU hit with lawsuit over green labelling of aviation and shipping investments. <\/strong>Available at: https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/08\/28\/eu-hit-with-lawsuit-over-green-labelling-of-aviation-and-shipping-investments\/. Accessed on: October 29, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO TEM\u00c1TICO: <\/strong>Cidadania global.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ORDEM JUR\u00cdDICA DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00e1lia Marques Andrade<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ordem jur\u00eddica da Uni\u00e3o Europeia pode se vista sob dois prismas: \u00e9 uma cria\u00e7\u00e3o do direito e \u00e9 uma ordem jur\u00eddica. Ela \u00e9 considerada inovadora, pois promove a unifica\u00e7\u00e3o da Europa pela for\u00e7a do direito, n\u00e3o pela submiss\u00e3o ou pela viol\u00eancia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os valores fundamentais como a liberdade e a igualdade regulam as intera\u00e7\u00f5es entre os cidad\u00e3os e os Estados-Membros, atrav\u00e9s de normas vinculativas. Essas normas s\u00e3o baseadas em tratados que estabelecem suas compet\u00eancias e garantem a primazia do direito da UE sobre as legisla\u00e7\u00f5es nacionais. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O direito da Uni\u00e3o Europeia tem efeito direto, permitindo que cidad\u00e3os e empresas invoquem normas europeias em tribunais nacionais. O Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da UE assegura a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o e aplica\u00e7\u00e3o uniforme dessas normas. Esse sistema \u00e9 din\u00e2mico e evolui continuamente para fortalecer a integra\u00e7\u00e3o entre os Estados-membros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ordem jur\u00eddica da Uni\u00e3o Europeia \u00e9 um sistema \u00fanico que resulta da integra\u00e7\u00e3o dos direitos nacionais dos Estados-membros em uma estrutura supranacional e pode se vista sob dois prismas: \u00e9 uma cria\u00e7\u00e3o do direito e \u00e9 uma ordem jur\u00eddica. Ela \u00e9 considerada inovadora, pois promove a unifica\u00e7\u00e3o da Europa pela for\u00e7a do direito, n\u00e3o pela submiss\u00e3o ou pela viol\u00eancia. Os valores fundamentais como a liberdade e a igualdade regulam as intera\u00e7\u00f5es entre os cidad\u00e3os e os Estados-Membros, atrav\u00e9s de normas vinculativas, e \u00e9 baseada em tratados internacionais, como o Tratado da Uni\u00e3o Europeia (TUE) e o Tratado sobre o Funcionamento da Uni\u00e3o Europeia (TFUE), que estabelecem as compet\u00eancias das institui\u00e7\u00f5es europeias e o funcionamento do bloco. Esses tratados s\u00e3o a base jur\u00eddica da UE e garantem a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o em \u00e1reas como economia, pol\u00edtica e direitos humanos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uma das caracter\u00edsticas centrais do direito da UE \u00e9 sua primazia sobre o direito interno dos Estados-membros. Isso significa que, em caso de conflito entre uma norma nacional e uma norma da UE, a norma europeia prevalece. Essa superioridade visa assegurar a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o uniforme das leis da UE em todos os Estados-membros, evitando diverg\u00eancias na implementa\u00e7\u00e3o das pol\u00edticas comunit\u00e1rias e garantindo a efic\u00e1cia do direito europeu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O direito da UE tamb\u00e9m tem efeito direto, o que permite que cidad\u00e3os e empresas possam invocar as normas europeias diretamente perante os tribunais nacionais, sem a necessidade de media\u00e7\u00e3o pelos Estados. Isso fortalece os direitos individuais e empresariais, tornando o sistema jur\u00eddico europeu mais acess\u00edvel e eficaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al\u00e9m disso, o Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia (TJUE) desempenha um papel essencial na garantia da aplica\u00e7\u00e3o uniforme e interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o correta das normas da UE. Ele \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel por resolver disputas entre Estados-membros e institui\u00e7\u00f5es da UE, bem como por decidir sobre quest\u00f5es de interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o do direito europeu atrav\u00e9s do mecanismo de reenvio prejudicial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por fim, a ordem jur\u00eddica da UE \u00e9 din\u00e2mica e est\u00e1 em constante evolu\u00e7\u00e3o. As reformas dos tratados e o desenvolvimento da jurisprud\u00eancia do TJUE mostram que o direito europeu se adapta \u00e0s mudan\u00e7as pol\u00edticas e sociais, fortalecendo a integra\u00e7\u00e3o e a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o entre os pa\u00edses membros. Isso torna a UE um sistema jur\u00eddico inovador e um modelo de integra\u00e7\u00e3o regional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refer\u00eancias:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA.<\/strong> O ABC da Uni\u00e3o Europeia<\/em>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/op.europa.eu\/webpub\/com\/abc-of-eu-law\/pt\/<\/a>. Acesso em: 02 out. 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PARLAMENTO EUROPEU.<\/strong> Fichas tem\u00e1ticas da Uni\u00e3o Europeia<\/em>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/factsheets\/pt\/home<\/a>. Acesso em: 02 out. 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THEMATIC AXIS: Global Citizenship<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE LEGAL ORDER OH THE EUROPEAN UNION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00e1lia Marques Andrade<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The legal order of the European Union can be viewed from two perspectives: it is a creation of law and it is a legal order. It is considered innovative because it promotes the unification of Europe through the force of law, not through submission or violence. Fundamental values such as freedom and equality govern interactions between citizens and Member States through binding norms. These norms are based on treaties that establish their competencies and ensure the primacy of EU law over national legislations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EU law has direct effect, allowing citizens and businesses to invoke European norms in national courts. The Court of Justice of the EU ensures the uniform interpretation and application of these norms. This system is dynamic and continuously evolves to strengthen integration among Member States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The legal order of the European Union is a unique system resulting from the integration of national laws of Member States into a supranational framework and can be viewed from two perspectives: it is a creation of law and it is a legal order. It is considered innovative because it promotes the unification of Europe through the force of law, not through submission or violence. Fundamental values such as freedom and equality govern interactions between citizens and Member States through binding norms, based on international treaties such as the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), which establish the competencies of European institutions and the functioning of the bloc. These treaties are the legal foundation of the EU and guarantee cooperation in areas such as economy, politics, and human rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the central characteristics of EU law is its primacy over domestic law of Member States. This means that in case of conflict between a national norm and an EU norm, the European norm prevails. This superiority aims to ensure uniform application of EU laws across all Member States, avoiding discrepancies in implementing community policies and ensuring the effectiveness of European law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EU law also has direct effect, which allows citizens and businesses to invoke European norms directly before national courts without needing mediation by States. This strengthens individual and business rights, making the European legal system more accessible and effective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Furthermore, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) plays an essential role in ensuring uniform application and correct interpretation of EU norms. It is responsible for resolving disputes between Member States and EU institutions, as well as deciding on questions regarding the interpretation of European law through preliminary ruling mechanisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, the legal order of the EU is dynamic and constantly evolving. Reforms to treaties and developments in CJEU jurisprudence show that European law adapts to political and social changes, strengthening integration and cooperation among member countries. This makes the EU an innovative legal system and a model for regional integration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EUROPEAN UNION. The ABC of European Union Law<\/strong>. Available at: https:\/\/op.europa.eu\/webpub\/com\/abc-of-eu-law\/en\/. Accessed on: October 2, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT. Thematic fiches on European Union<\/strong>. Available at: https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/factsheets\/en\/home. Accessed on: October 2, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Not\u00edcias dos Tribunais Internacionais<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 Tribunais Europeus<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1.1 Tribunal De Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia <\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO TEM\u00c1TICO: <\/strong>Cidadania global<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DADOS ARMAZENADOS PELO CELULAR PESSOAL E O USO PELA POL\u00cdCIA: UM DEBATE NO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTI\u00c7A DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jo\u00e3o Iotti  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em importante julgamento, publicado atrav\u00e9s de site institucional do Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia, fica evidente a preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o europeia com o avan\u00e7o da tecnologia e armazenamento de dados pessoais e sens\u00edveis. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

No julgamento do Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia (ac\u00f3rd\u00e3o no processo \u201cC-548\/21\u201d), refere-se \u00e0 apreens\u00e3o de um celular pela pol\u00edcia austr\u00edaca durante uma investiga\u00e7\u00e3o criminal. O tribunal analisou a compatibilidade da legisla\u00e7\u00e3o austr\u00edaca com o direito da Uni\u00e3o Europeia em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao acesso da pol\u00edcia a dados pessoais armazenados em dispositivos m\u00f3veis, no presente caso, um celular. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O ac\u00f3rd\u00e3o estabelece que, embora o acesso da pol\u00edcia a esses dados possa ser justificado por raz\u00f5es de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o criminal, a inger\u00eancia nos direitos fundamentais do titular dos dados deve ser proporcional e car\u00e1ter excepcional. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O tribunal conclui que a legisla\u00e7\u00e3o austr\u00edaca deve definir os elementos a considerar para autorizar o acesso, como a natureza das infra\u00e7\u00f5es em causa, e que esse acesso deve ser autorizado previamente por um tribunal ou autoridade independente, exceto em casos de urg\u00eancia devidamente justificada. O titular dos dados deve ser informado dos motivos da autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o logo que poss\u00edvel, sem comprometer a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ainda sobre o tema, destaca-se a autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e9via, ou seja, \u00e9 fundamental existir autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o pret\u00e9rita de um juiz ou de uma autoridade independente para o acesso aos dados, exceto em casos de urg\u00eancia devidamente justificada, bem, \u00e9 ressaltado o dever de informa\u00e7\u00e3o, devendo o investigado ser informado sobre os motivos da autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o de acesso aos seus dados o mais breve poss\u00edvel, desde que a comunica\u00e7\u00e3o desta informa\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o comprometa a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Portanto, ganha espa\u00e7o no debate Europeu os impactos do avan\u00e7o da tecnologia e armazenamento de dados, indicando, novos ou velhos rumos que podem refletir em legisla\u00e7\u00f5es dom\u00e9sticas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refer\u00eancia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TRIBUNAL DE JUSTI\u00c7A DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA. Comunicado de imprensa n.\u00ba 171\/24.<\/strong> Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/jcms\/j_6\/pt\/. Acesso em: 04 nov. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THEMATIC AXIS<\/u><\/strong>: Global Citizenship<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

USE OF DATA STORED ON PERSONAL MOBILE PHONES AND POLICE ACCESS: A DEBATE IN THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jo\u00e3o Iotti  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an important ruling, published on the official website of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European concern with the advancement of technology and the storage of personal and sensitive data becomes evident.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This ruling by the Court of Justice of the European Union describes a judgment in case “C-548\/21”, concerning the seizure of a cell phone by Austrian police during a criminal investigation. The court analyzed the compatibility of Austrian law with European Union law regarding police access to personal data stored on mobile devices, in this case, a cell phone. The judgment establishes that while police access to this data may be justified for criminal investigation purposes, any interference with the fundamental rights of the data subject must be proportional and exceptional. The court concluded that Austrian legislation must define the elements to consider for authorizing access, such as the nature of the offenses in question, and that such access must be previously authorized by a court or an independent authority, except in cases of duly justified urgency. The data subject must be informed of the reasons for the authorization as soon as possible, without compromising the investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Further on this topic, emphasis is placed on prior authorization, meaning that prior approval from a judge or an independent authority is essential for data access, except in cases of duly justified urgency. Additionally, the duty of information is highlighted, requiring the investigated individual to be informed of the reasons for the authorization to access their data as soon as possible, provided that disclosing this information does not compromise the investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, the impact of technological advancement and data storage is gaining traction in the European debate, indicating new or recurring directions that could influence domestic legislation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE. Press release no. 171\/24<\/strong>. Available at: https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/jcms\/j_6\/pt\/. Accessed on: November 4, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1.2 Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

JULGAMENTO DO CASO B.B. V. SLOVAKIA PELO TRIBUNAL EUROPEU DE DIREITOS HUMANOS<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00e1lia Marques Andrade<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

No dia 24 de outubro de 2024, o Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos (TEDH) julgou o caso B.B. v. Slovakia, referente a um caso de viola\u00e7\u00e3o do Artigo 4 da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o Europeia de Direitos Humanos, que pro\u00edbe a escravid\u00e3o e o trabalho for\u00e7ado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neste caso, a v\u00edtima, identificada como B.B., uma cidad\u00e3 eslovaca, foi enviada ao Reino Unido no ano de 2010 por um indiv\u00edduo identificado como Y, para realizar trabalho for\u00e7ado de prostitui\u00e7\u00e3o. Durante um ano, a v\u00edtima foi obrigada a se prostituir, entregar seus ganhos e cuidar da casa do acusado, enquanto era mantida sob o efeito de drogas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No ano de 2012, B.B. foi acolhida pelo Ex\u00e9rcito da Salva\u00e7\u00e3o no Reino Unido e retornou \u00e0 Eslov\u00e1quia atrav\u00e9s de um programa destinado a apoiar e proteger v\u00edtimas de tr\u00e1fico humano. Ao chegar, foi registrada como v\u00edtima de tr\u00e1fico humano por uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de caridade apoiada pelo governo, mas as autoridades mudaram a classifica\u00e7\u00e3o do caso para proxenetismo quando Y foi acusado. A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o policial falhou em considerar as evid\u00eancias que indicavam tr\u00e1fico humano, limitando-se a tratar o caso como proxenetismo. Embora houvesse evid\u00eancias de tr\u00e1fico, Y recebeu uma pena mais branda. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O processo judicial contra Y come\u00e7ou em 2012, mas as acusa\u00e7\u00f5es foram inicialmente descartadas. Ap\u00f3s v\u00e1rias investiga\u00e7\u00f5es e reclassifica\u00e7\u00f5es, Y foi finalmente condenado em 2015 por proxenetismo e recebeu uma pena de pris\u00e3o suspensa de um ano. B.B. apelou, argumentando que o caso deveria ter sido tratado como tr\u00e1fico humano, mas o tribunal regional decidiu que apenas o Minist\u00e9rio P\u00fablico poderia apelar para reclassificar as a\u00e7\u00f5es de Y. Em 2017, o Ministro da Justi\u00e7a apresentou um recurso em nome de B.B., mas o Supremo Tribunal declarou-o inadmiss\u00edvel em 2018, afirmando que os fatos estabelecidos n\u00e3o indicavam abuso da posi\u00e7\u00e3o vulner\u00e1vel da requerente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Eslov\u00e1quia foi criticada pela abordagem inadequada ao tratar o caso apenas sob a \u00f3tica do proxenetismo, ignorando a possibilidade de tr\u00e1fico humano, o que foi considerado uma viola\u00e7\u00e3o ao Artigo 4 (proibi\u00e7\u00e3o de escravid\u00e3o e trabalho for\u00e7ado) da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o Europeia de Direitos Humanos. O Tribunal observou que, em casos com suspeitas cred\u00edveis de tr\u00e1fico, os Estados t\u00eam a obriga\u00e7\u00e3o de conduzir uma investiga\u00e7\u00e3o completa para proteger os direitos das v\u00edtimas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O TEDH ordenou que a Eslov\u00e1quia pagasse 26.000 euros por danos n\u00e3o materiais e 15.000 euros por custos e despesas \u00e0 v\u00edtima, refor\u00e7ando a necessidade de uma resposta penal mais rigorosa e sens\u00edvel para casos de tr\u00e1fico humano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refer\u00eancia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. Julgamento do caso B.B. v. Slovakia<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/prd-echr.coe.int\/web\/echr\/w\/judgment-concerning-slovakia-1. Acesso em: 06 nov. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THEMATIC AXIS: Global Citizenship<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

JUDGMENT OF THE CASE B.B. V. SLOVAKIA BY THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS JUDGMENT OF THE CASE B.B. V. SLOVAKIA BY THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00e1lia Marques Andrade<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

On October 24, 2024, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) ruled on the case B.B. v. Slovakia, concerning a violation of Article 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which prohibits slavery and forced labor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this case, the victim, identified as B.B., a Slovak citizen, was sent to the United Kingdom in 2010 by an individual known as Y to engage in forced prostitution. For a year, B.B. was compelled to work as a prostitute, surrendering her earnings and managing Y’s household while being kept under the influence of drugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, B.B. was taken in by the Salvation Army in the UK and returned to Slovakia through a program designed to support and protect victims of human trafficking. Upon her arrival, she was registered as a victim of trafficking by a government-supported charity; however, authorities later reclassified the case as proxenetism when Y was charged. The police investigation failed to consider evidence indicating human trafficking, focusing instead on proxenetism. Despite clear evidence of trafficking, Y received a lighter sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The judicial process against Y began in 2012 but was initially dismissed. After several investigations and reclassifications, Y was finally convicted in 2015 for proxenetism and received a one-year suspended prison sentence. B.B. appealed, arguing that the case should have been treated as human trafficking; however, the regional court ruled that only the prosecution could appeal to reclassify Y’s actions. In 2017, the Minister of Justice filed an appeal on behalf of B.B., but the Supreme Court declared it inadmissible in 2018, stating that the established facts did not demonstrate an abuse of B.B.’s vulnerable position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slovakia faced criticism for its inadequate approach in handling the case solely as proxenetism while ignoring potential human trafficking, which constituted a violation of Article 4 (prohibition of slavery and forced labor) of the European Convention on Human Rights. The Court noted that in cases with credible suspicions of trafficking, states are obligated to conduct thorough investigations to protect victims’ rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The ECHR ordered Slovakia to pay \u20ac26,000 for non-material damages and \u20ac15,000 for costs and expenses to the victim, underscoring the need for a more rigorous and sensitive criminal response to human trafficking cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. Judgment of the case B.B. v. Slovakia<\/strong>. Available at: https:\/\/prd-echr.coe.int\/web\/echr\/w\/judgment-concerning-slovakia-1<\/a>. Accessed on: November 6, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 Corte Internacional de Justi\u00e7a<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eixo Tem\u00e1tico: Cidadania Global <\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00c7\u00d5ES DA CIJ E A PROTE\u00c7\u00c3O DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS EM GAZA<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danielle Mansur Guimar\u00e3es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

No desenrolar do caso entre \u00c1frica do Sul e Israel na Corte Internacional de Justi\u00e7a (CIJ), muitas na\u00e7\u00f5es e ativistas de direitos humanos expressam crescente preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o com a efetividade das medidas judiciais no contexto de conflitos armados. Em resposta \u00e0 a\u00e7\u00e3o apresentada pela \u00c1frica do Sul, a CIJ emitiu medidas provis\u00f3rias que ordenam a Israel evitar atos genocidas e garantir o acesso humanit\u00e1rio em Gaza. Embora essas medidas sejam juridicamente vinculantes, a execu\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica depende da colabora\u00e7\u00e3o dos Estados, o que muitas vezes limita seu impacto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ativistas de direitos humanos e a popula\u00e7\u00e3o mundial, atentos \u00e0 continuidade das hostilidades e ao sofrimento dos civis, veem nas limita\u00e7\u00f5es da CIJ um reflexo das dificuldades em efetivar a prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos direitos humanos em cen\u00e1rios de guerra. Para essas organiza\u00e7\u00f5es, o caso destaca o desafio cont\u00ednuo de transformar compromissos jur\u00eddicos em a\u00e7\u00f5es concretas, principalmente quando h\u00e1 resist\u00eancia de governos em conflito.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esse momento tamb\u00e9m gera reflex\u00f5es entre na\u00e7\u00f5es que buscam defender os direitos humanos, ressaltando a necessidade de uma coopera\u00e7\u00e3o mais forte e mecanismos eficazes que possam amparar as decis\u00f5es da CIJ. No entanto, permanece a esperan\u00e7a de que a press\u00e3o p\u00fablica e a diplomacia internacional fortale\u00e7am a capacidade de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de direitos, sobretudo em crises como a vivida em Gaza. Esse caso recorda que, apesar das limita\u00e7\u00f5es, a promo\u00e7\u00e3o da justi\u00e7a internacional \u00e9 um esfor\u00e7o cont\u00ednuo, cujo impacto depende da uni\u00e3o de vozes pela paz e pela dignidade humana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Essa situa\u00e7\u00e3o refor\u00e7a o papel da CIJ n\u00e3o apenas como inst\u00e2ncia legal, mas como um lembrete da responsabilidade coletiva na constru\u00e7\u00e3o de um mundo mais justo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refer\u00eancias<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICJ-CIJ. [s.d.-a]. Recuperado em 28 out. 2024, de https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/192\/192-20241009-pre-01-00-en.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICJ-CIJ. [s.d.-b]. Recuperado em 28 out. 2024, de https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/192\/192-20241008-int-01-00-en.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICJ-CIJ. [s.d.-c]. Recuperado em 28 out. 2024, de https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/192\/192-20231228-app-01-00-en.pdf#page72<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICJ-CIJ. [s.d.-d]. Recuperado em 28 out. 2024, de https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/192\/192-20231229-pre-01-00-en.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LE MONDE with, A. F. P. Gaza: South Africa files \u201cevidence\u201d for their \u201cgenocide\u201d case against Israel. Le Monde, 28 out. 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/international\/article\/2024\/10\/28\/gaza-south-africa-files-evidence-for-their-genocide-case-against-israel_6730836_4.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SPECIAL INTENT TO COMMIT GENOCIDE. South Africa files memorial in case against Israel at ICJ. Palestine Chronicle, 28 out. 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.palestinechronicle.com\/special-intent-to-commit-genocide-south-africa-files-memorial-in-icj-case-against-israel\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thematic Axis: Global Citizenship<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICJ ACTIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IN GAZA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danielle Mansur Guimar\u00e3es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the case between South Africa and Israel unfolds in the International Court of Justice (ICJ), many nations and human rights activists express rising concerns about the court’s efficacy in conflict situations. Following South Africa\u2019s petition, the ICJ issued provisional measures, mandating Israel to avoid genocidal acts and to enable humanitarian access in Gaza. Although legally binding, these measures often face obstacles in practice, as their enforcement relies on state cooperation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many human rights advocates, observing the ongoing hostilities and suffering of Gaza’s civilians, see the ICJ\u2019s limitations as symptomatic of the broader challenge of enforcing human rights protections in war zones. This case emphasizes the enduring difficulty of turning legal commitments into concrete actions, particularly where governmental resistance is involved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For nations dedicated to defending human rights, the situation underscores the need for stronger international cooperation and effective mechanisms to support the ICJ\u2019s decisions. Yet, there remains hope that public pressure and international diplomacy can strengthen the impact of human rights protections, especially in crises like that in Gaza. This case serves as a reminder that the pursuit of international justice is an ongoing effort, one that thrives on collective voices advocating for peace and human dignity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ultimately, the ICJ\u2019s role transcends legal judgments, symbolizing the shared responsibility to build a more just world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HOME. [n.d.]. Icj-cij.org. Retrieved on October 28, 2024, from https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICJ-CIJ. [n.d.-a]. Retrieved on October 28, 2024, from https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/192\/192-20241009-pre-01-00-en.pdf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICJ-CIJ. [n.d.-b]. Retrieved on October 28, 2024, from https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/192\/192-20241008-int-01-00-en.pdf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICJ-CIJ. [n.d.-c]. Retrieved on October 28, 2024, from https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/192\/192-20231228-app-01-00-en.pdf#page72.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICJ-CIJ. [n.d.-d]. Retrieved on October 28, 2024, from https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/192\/192-20231229-pre-01-00-en.pdf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LE MONDE with, A. F. P. Gaza: South Africa files \u201cevidence\u201d for their \u201cgenocide\u201d case against Israel. Le Monde, October 28, 2024. Available at: https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/international\/article\/2024\/10\/28\/gaza-south-africa-files-evidence-for-their-genocide-case-against-israel_6730836_4.html.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018SPECIAL INTENT TO COMMIT GENOCIDE\u2019 – South Africa files memorial in case against Israel at ICJ. Palestine Chronicle, October 28, 2024. Available at: https:\/\/www.palestinechronicle.com\/special-intent-to-commit-genocide-south-africa-files-memorial-in-icj-case-against-israel\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos <\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO TEM\u00c1TICO: <\/strong>Cidadania Global<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>A RESPONSABILIDADE DO EQUADOR NO CASO HIDALGO<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Francielli Alice Nunes Coutinho <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em dezembro de 1992, Gustavo Jorge Hidalgo, em estado de embriaguez tentou adentrar a pista de dan\u00e7a de uma festa p\u00fablica, sendo impedido pelos organizadores da festa e outros quatro policiais que posteriormente chegaram ao local. Naquela oportunidade, foi usado a for\u00e7a f\u00edsica, sendo espancado e arrastado at\u00e9 a delegacia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ap\u00f3s o recebimento por seu irm\u00e3o e constata\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica, foi apurado que Hidalgo teria sido morto. O caso foi postergado, tanto que o auto de constata\u00e7\u00e3o somente foi emitido cerca de dez anos depois (2002) e a decis\u00e3o punitiva foi de confinamento aos causadores. A genitora de Gustavo, a senhora Luz Esperanza Hidalgo, chegou a solicitar um recurso de prote\u00e7\u00e3o que foi negado. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A CIDH, no ano de 2024, em considera\u00e7\u00e3o aos fatos narrados, reconheceu a responsabilidade internacional ao Estado do Equador, pois entendeu que houve uma viola\u00e7\u00e3o clara aos direitos de personalidade e \u00e0 vida, em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos policiais, enquanto em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao Estado, entendeu ter ocorrido uma viola\u00e7\u00e3o clara aos direitos da prote\u00e7\u00e3o judicial, pois negligenciou as investiga\u00e7\u00f5es em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao caso. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Corte ainda reconheceu que em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos menores Gustavo Adolfo, Mar\u00eda Alejandra Hidalgo Bravo, Maryury Monserrate Hidalgo Pacheco e Washington Miguel Pacheco Cede\u00f1o, houve danos psicol\u00f3gicos irrepar\u00e1veis, pois houve viola\u00e7\u00e3o psicol\u00f3gica em cada um deles de forma diferente, em raz\u00e3o da fase da inf\u00e2ncia que enfrentavam. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ressalta-se que o direito \u00e0 vida e a personalidade s\u00e3o direitos que garantem a pessoa uma vida digna, portanto, o espancamento, a tortura e o resultado morte como foi o de Hidalgo, houve uma viola\u00e7\u00e3o clara ao indiv\u00edduo de ter acesso ao seu direito. Assim, a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos fiscalizar\u00e1 o cumprimento da senten\u00e7a, em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos poderes e deveres de cada qual, sendo que ap\u00f3s o Estado finalizar seu cumprimento, dever\u00e1 a Conven\u00e7\u00e3o Americana dos Direitos Humanos encerrar o caso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFER\u00caNCIAS<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS. Ecuador es responsable por violar el derecho a la vida e integridad personal por la ejecuci\u00f3n extrajudicial y tortura de Gustavo Washington Hidalgo. [Comunicado \u00e0 Imprensa]. <\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/corteidh.or.cr\/comunicados_prensa.cfm?lang=es&n=2075. Acesso em: 28 out. 2024. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECUADOR\u2019S RESPONSIBILITY IN THE HIDALGO CASE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Francielli Alice Nunes Coutinho<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In December 1992, Gustavo Jorge Hidalgo, while drunk, tried to enter the dance floor of a public party, but was prevented from doing so by the party organizers and four other police officers who later arrived at the scene. On that occasion, physical force was used, and he was beaten and dragged to the police station.After being received by his brother and medical examination, it was determined that Hidalgo had been killed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

After being received by his brother and medical examination, it was determined that Hidalgo had been killed. The case was delayed, so much so that the report of verification was only issued approximately ten years later (2002) and the punitive decision was to confine the perpetrators. Gustavo’s mother, Mrs. Luz Esperanza Hidalgo, even requested an appeal for protection, which was denied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2024, the IACHR, considering the facts described, recognized the international responsibility of the State of Ecuador, as it understood that there had been a clear violation of the rights of personality and life, in relation to the police officers, while in relation to the State, it understood that there had been a clear violation of the rights to judicial protection, as it had neglected the investigations in relation to the case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Court also recognized that in relation to the minors Gustavo Adolfo, Mar\u00eda Alejandra Hidalgo Bravo, Maryury Monserrate Hidalgo Pacheco and Washington Miguel Pacheco Cede\u00f1o, there had been irreparable psychological damage, as there had been psychological violation in each of them in a different way, due to the stage of childhood they were facing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It should be noted that the right to life and personality are rights that guarantee a person a dignified life. Therefore, the beating, torture and death that resulted from Hidalgo’s death were a clear violation of the individual’s right to access their right. Thus, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights will monitor compliance with the sentence, in relation to the powers and duties of each party, and after the State has completed its compliance, the American Convention on Human Rights must close the case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFERENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. States that Ecuador is responsible for violating the right to life and personal integrity due to the extrajudicial execution and torture of Gustavo Washington Hidalgo<\/strong>. [Press Release]. Available at: https:\/\/corteidh.or.cr\/comunicados_prensa.cfm?lang=es&n=2075. Accessed on: October 28, 2024.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Not\u00edcias do Sistema ONU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1 Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO: <\/strong>Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas e Ecoc\u00eddio<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O SECRET\u00c1RIO-GERAL DA ONU PEDE UMA MUDAN\u00c7A DO SAQUE PARA A PRESERVA\u00c7\u00c3O DA NATUREZA NA COP16<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thiago Giovani Romero<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na recente COP16, realizada em C\u00e1li, Col\u00f4mbia, o secret\u00e1rio-geral da ONU, Ant\u00f3nio Guterres, fez um apelo contundente para que a humanidade mude sua rela\u00e7\u00e3o com a natureza. Em seu discurso, Guterres enfatizou que “\u00e9 hora de passar do saque \u00e0 preserva\u00e7\u00e3o da natureza”, destacando que nenhum pa\u00eds est\u00e1 imune \u00e0s consequ\u00eancias devastadoras das mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas, perda de biodiversidade e polui\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Guterres alertou que a cada dia que passa, o mundo se aproxima de pontos de ruptura que podem resultar em mais fome, deslocamentos e conflitos armados. Ele ressaltou que a explora\u00e7\u00e3o cont\u00ednua de recursos naturais est\u00e1 enraizada em modelos econ\u00f4micos obsoletos e insustent\u00e1veis. A humanidade j\u00e1 alterou 75% da superf\u00edcie terrestre e 66% dos oceanos, o que evidencia a urg\u00eancia de uma mudan\u00e7a significativa nas pr\u00e1ticas atuais.e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durante a confer\u00eancia, foi lan\u00e7ada a Declara\u00e7\u00e3o da Coaliz\u00e3o Global pela Paz com a Natureza, que visa intensificar os esfor\u00e7os para uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o equilibrada com o meio ambiente. Essa declara\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m reconhece a import\u00e2ncia dos conhecimentos tradicionais dos povos ind\u00edgenas e comunidades locais na conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da biodiversidade. Guterres defendeu a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de um \u00f3rg\u00e3o permanente dentro da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o sobre Diversidade Biol\u00f3gica para garantir que essas vozes sejam ouvidas em todas as fases do processo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O l\u00edder da ONU destacou exemplos positivos de pa\u00edses como Brasil, Col\u00f4mbia, Indon\u00e9sia e Mal\u00e1sia, que est\u00e3o liderando iniciativas para conter o desmatamento e restaurar ecossistemas. Ele tamb\u00e9m mencionou o Pacto para o Futuro adotado pelos Estados-membros da ONU, que busca acelerar a\u00e7\u00f5es para proteger e restaurar o meio ambiente at\u00e9 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A COP16 representa uma oportunidade para os pa\u00edses reafirmarem seu compromisso com a conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da biodiversidade e a prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos ecossistemas. O apelo de Guterres por uma transi\u00e7\u00e3o gradual do uso de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis \u00e9 um passo vital para enfrentar as crises interligadas de clima e biodiversidade. A mensagem \u00e9 clara: fazer as pazes com a natureza \u00e9 a tarefa definidora do s\u00e9culo XXI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refer\u00eancia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ONU. Secret\u00e1rio-Geral pede mudan\u00e7a do saque para a preserva\u00e7\u00e3o da natureza na COP16.<\/strong> Not\u00edcias da ONU, 29 out. 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/news.un.org\/pt\/story\/2024\/10\/1839936. Acesso em: 06 nov. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UN SECRETARY-GENERAL CALLS FOR A SHIFT FROM EXPLOITATION TO PRESERVATION OF NATURE AT COP16<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thiago Giovani Romero<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the recent COP16 held in Cali, Colombia, UN Secretary-General Ant\u00f3nio Guterres made a powerful call for humanity to change its relationship with nature. In his speech, Guterres emphasized that “it is time to shift from exploitation to preservation of nature,” highlighting that no country is immune to the devastating consequences of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Guterres warned that with each passing day, the world approaches breaking points that could lead to increased hunger, displacement, and armed conflict. He stressed that ongoing exploitation of natural resources is rooted in outdated and unsustainable economic models. Humanity has already altered 75% of the Earth’s surface and 66% of the oceans, underscoring the urgency for a significant change in current practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During the conference, the Global Coalition for Peace with Nature Declaration was launched, aiming to intensify efforts for a balanced relationship with the environment. This declaration also recognizes the importance of traditional knowledge from Indigenous peoples and local communities in conserving biodiversity. Guterres advocated for the establishment of a permanent subsidiary body within the Convention on Biological Diversity to ensure these voices are heard at all stages of the process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UN leader highlighted positive examples from countries like Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, and Malaysia, which are leading initiatives to curb deforestation and restore ecosystems. He also mentioned the Pact for the Future, adopted by UN member states, which seeks to accelerate actions to protect and restore the environment by 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

COP16 represents a opportunity for countries to reaffirm their commitment to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem protection. Guterres’s call for a gradual transition away from fossil fuel use is a vital step in addressing the interconnected crises of climate and biodiversity. The message is clear: making peace with nature is the defining task of the 21st century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UN. Secretary-General calls for a shift from exploitation to preservation of nature at COP16.<\/strong> UN News, Oct. 29, 2024. Available at: https:\/\/news.un.org\/pt\/story\/2024\/10\/1839936. Accessed on: Nov. 6, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00c1TEDRA JEAN MONNET DIVULGA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Convite para a Exposi\u00e7\u00e3o Virtual “Travessias Globais”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explore a hist\u00f3ria da migra\u00e7\u00e3o humana e reflita sobre o impacto dos deslocamentos for\u00e7ados na atualidade!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A C\u00e1tedra Jean Monnet e o Projeto Global Crossings da Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia (UFU), em parceria com o Museu da Imigra\u00e7\u00e3o de S\u00e3o Paulo, convidam voc\u00ea para a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o virtual “Travessias Globais: Uma Reflex\u00e3o sobre o Passado e o Presente das Migra\u00e7\u00f5es Humanas”<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acesse gratuitamente a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o a qualquer hora e de qualquer lugar pelo Google Arts & Culture:<\/strong>https:\/\/artsandculture.google.com\/story\/wwXRl43CozCcag?hl=pt-BR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A exposi\u00e7\u00e3o aborda:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf A hist\u00f3ria da migra\u00e7\u00e3o humana desde seus prim\u00f3rdios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf Os desafios enfrentados por migrantes for\u00e7ados a deixar seus pa\u00edses de origem devido a conflitos, crises ambientais e dificuldades econ\u00f4micas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cfA import\u00e2ncia de reconhecer a migra\u00e7\u00e3o como um direito humano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cfDepoimentos e imagens comoventes que ilustram a trajet\u00f3ria de migrantes e o impacto da migra\u00e7\u00e3o na sociedade global.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e3o perca a oportunidade de participar desta importante reflex\u00e3o sobre um tema t\u00e3o atual e relevante!<\/strong>1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Compartilhe este convite com seus amigos e familiares!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00c1TEDRA JEAN MONNET  UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERL\u00c2NDIA  PROJETO GLOBAL CROSSINGS COORDENA\u00c7\u00c3O: PROFA. CLAUDIA LOUREIRO ORGANIZA\u00c7\u00c3O E EDI\u00c7\u00c3O: PEDRO LUCCHETTI; THIAGO ROMERO 1. Not\u00edcias da Uni\u00e3o Europeia EIXO TEM\u00c1TICO: Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas e Ecoc\u00eddio LITIG\u00c2NCIA CLIM\u00c1TICA NA EU: PROCESSO QUESTIONA SELO DE SUSTENTABILIDADE EM INVESTIMENTOS EM AVIA\u00c7\u00c3O E TRANSPORTE MAR\u00cdTIMO Val\u00e9ria Em\u00edlia de Aquino Ativistas ambientais das […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,5,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-en-newsletter","category-newsletter","category-ptbr-newsletter"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1088","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1088"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1088\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1091,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1088\/revisions\/1091"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}