{"id":1071,"date":"2024-10-14T11:26:31","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T14:26:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/?p=1071"},"modified":"2024-10-14T11:26:31","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T14:26:31","slug":"newsletter-setembro-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/2024\/10\/14\/newsletter-setembro-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"NEWSLETTER SETEMBRO\/2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

C\u00c1TEDRA JEAN MONNET UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERL\u00c2NDIA<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 PROJETO GLOBAL CROSSINGS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

COORDENA\u00c7\u00c3O: PROFA. CLAUDIA LOUREIRO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ORGANIZA\u00c7\u00c3O E EDI\u00c7\u00c3O: PEDRO LUCCHETTI; THIAGO ROMERO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Not\u00edcias da Uni\u00e3o Europeia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO TEM\u00c1TICO: <\/strong>Cidadania global.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PARLAMENTO EUROPEU REAFIRMA VETO AOS L\u00cdDERES INDEPENDENTISTAS CATAL\u00c3ES COMO EURODEPUTADOS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roberta Soeiro de Moraes Souza<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em 1\u00ba de outubro de 2017, ocorreu um referendo de autodetermina\u00e7\u00e3o na Catalunha, Espanha, considerado ilegal pelo governo espanhol, iniciando, assim, um processo criminal contra os candidatos eleitos: Carles Puigdemont e Antoni Com\u00edn, respectivamente, na \u00e9poca, presidente e membro do governo aut\u00f4nomo da regi\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esses l\u00edderes do governo catal\u00e3o foram penalmente processados e deixaram a Espanha, passando a viver na B\u00e9lgica. E a partir disso, foram emitidos mandados de deten\u00e7\u00e3o, caso reentrassem em seu pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Posteriormente, em 26 de maio de 2019, eles foram eleitos para o Parlamento Europeu, por\u00e9m a lei espanhola exige que os candidatos eleitos viajem \u00e0 Madrid, a fim de jurar fidelidade \u00e0 Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o. Ambos eleitos n\u00e3o cumpriram com tal formalidade, gerando a omiss\u00e3o de seus nomes na lista de representantes eleitos ao Parlamento Europeu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O Presidente do Parlamento Europeu, Antonio Tajani, ent\u00e3o, emitiu uma instru\u00e7\u00e3o para recusar o \u201cservi\u00e7o especial de acolhimento\u201d aos eleitos na Espanha at\u00e9 a confirma\u00e7\u00e3o oficial da elei\u00e7\u00e3o. Puigdemont e Com\u00edn solicitaram o reconhecimento da elei\u00e7\u00e3o, em 14 de junho de 2019, ao Presidente do Parlamento Europeu, requerendo, tamb\u00e9m, a revoga\u00e7\u00e3o da instru\u00e7\u00e3o anterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em resposta, o Presidente do Parlamento informou que n\u00e3o poderia consider\u00e1-los membros do Parlamento, por viola\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 lei eleitoral espanhola. As lideran\u00e7as independentistas interpuseram um recurso de anula\u00e7\u00e3o ao Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o (TJUE), objetivando recorrer da recusa do Presidente em conceber o direito a se  beneficiarem do servi\u00e7o especial de acolhimento, bem como para reconhecer a qualidade de eurodeputados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em sess\u00e3o plen\u00e1ria, em janeiro de 2020, o Parlamento decidiu reconhecer a elei\u00e7\u00e3o de Puigdemont e Com\u00edn com efeitos a partir de 2 de julho de 2019, registrando a elei\u00e7\u00e3o. Por meio de um Ac\u00f3rd\u00e3o, o TJUE decidiu e julgou inadmiss\u00edvel o recurso interposto por Puigdemont e Com\u00edn, em 6 de julho de 2022, considerando os indeferimentos do Presidente do Parlamento que tivessem sido impugnados n\u00e3o seriam pass\u00edveis de recurso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atrav\u00e9s de um Comunicado de Imprensa, em setembro deste ano, TJUE negou definitivamente o recurso de Puigdemont e Com\u00edn, mantendo o n\u00e3o reconhecimento dos eleitos, devido \u00e0 falta de juramento \u00e0 Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Espanhola. Essa decis\u00e3o final foi criticada pelo advogado-geral do TJUE, Maciej Szpunar, e segundo ele, Tajani violou o direito da Uni\u00e3o ao suspender suas prerrogativas, enquanto membros do Parlamento Europeu. Ainda, de acordo com Szpunar, nenhum Estado-Membro pode suspender as prerrogativas dos eurodeputados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em um caso semelhante, o TJUE decidiu que Oriol Junqueras, outro l\u00edder separatista catal\u00e3o deveria ser reconhecido como eurodeputado, gozando de imunidade parlamentar, desde a proclama\u00e7\u00e3o do resultado das elei\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refer\u00eancias<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CNN Portugal. Advogado-geral da UE condena veto a Puigdemont no Parlamento Europeu em 2019.<\/strong> Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/cnnportugal.iol.pt\/antoni-comin\/carles-puigdemont\/advogado-geral-da-ue-condena-veto-a-puigdemont-no-parlamento-europeu-em-2019\/20240411\/6617ced4d34ebf9bbb3c4f35. Acesso em: 29 set. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MATOS, Je\u00f3rgelis Martins de; SANT\u2019ANNA, Mar\u00edlia Mendon\u00e7a Morais. O separatismo catal\u00e3o e a situa\u00e7\u00e3o pol\u00edtico-social na Espanha<\/em>. RJLB,<\/strong> Ano 4 (2018), n\u00ba 3. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.cidp.pt\/revistas\/rjlb\/2018\/3\/2018_03_0559_0574.pdf. Acesso em: 29 set. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA. Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia. Recurso interposto em 16 de setembro de 2022 por Carles Puigdemont i Casamaj\u00f3 e Antoni Com\u00edn i Oliveres do Ac\u00f3rd\u00e3o proferido pelo Tribunal Geral (Sexta Sec\u00e7\u00e3o alargada) em 6 de julho de 2022 no processo T-388\/19, Puigdemont i Casamaj\u00f3 e Com\u00edn i Oliveres\/Parlamento <\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/juris\/document\/document.jsf?text=&docid=268077&pageIndex=0&doclang=pt&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=2828906. Acesso em: 29 set. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THEMATIC AXIS: <\/strong>Global Citizenship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT REAFFIRMS VETO ON CATALAN INDEPENDENCE LEADERS AS MEPS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roberta Soeiro de Moraes Souza<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On October 1, 2017, a self-determination referendum took place in Catalonia, Spain, which the Spanish government deemed illegal, thus initiating criminal proceedings against the elected candidates: Carles Puigdemont and Antoni Com\u00edn, respectively, at the time president and member of the autonomous government of the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These leaders of the Catalan government were criminally prosecuted and left Spain, and began living in Belgium. From then on, arrest warrants were issued should they re-enter their country. Later, on May 26, 2019, they were elected to the European Parliament, but Spanish law requires elected candidates to travel to Madrid to swear allegiance to the Constitution. Both elected officials failed to comply with this formality, resulting in their names being omitted from the list of elected representatives to the European Parliament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The President of the European Parliament Antonio Tajani then issued an instruction to refuse the \u201cspecial reception service\u201d to the elected officials in Spain until the official confirmation of the election. Puigdemont and Com\u00edn requested recognition of their election on 14 June 2019 from the President of the European Parliament, also requesting the revocation of the previous ruling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In response to the request for recognition, the President informed him that he could not consider them Members of Parliament, due to a violation of Spanish electoral law. The pro-independence leaders filed an action for annulment with the General Court of the European Union (CJEU), seeking to appeal the President’s refusal to grant them the right to benefit from the special reception service, as well as to recognise their status as MEPs. In a plenary session in January 2020, the European Parliament decided to recognise the election of Puigdemont and Com\u00edn with effect from 2 July 2019, registering the election.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By means of a judgment, the CJEU ruled and dismissed as inadmissible the appeal filed by Puigdemont and Com\u00edn on 6 July 2022, considering that the rejections of the President of the Parliament that had been challenged would not be subject to appeal. Through a press release in September of this year, the CJEU definitively dismissed Puigdemont and Com\u00edn’s appeal, maintaining the non-recognition of the elected representatives, due to the lack of an oath to the Spanish Constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This final decision was criticized by the CJEU’s Advocate General, Maciej Szpunar, who, according to him, claimed that Tajani had violated EU law by suspending their prerogatives as Members of the European Parliament. Furthermore, according to Szpunar, no Member State may suspend the prerogatives of MEPs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a similar case, the CJEU ruled that Oriol Junqueras, another Catalan separatist leader, should be recognised as an MEP, enjoying parliamentary immunity, from the proclamation of the election results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFERENCES:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CNN Portugal. Advogado-geral da UE condena veto a Puigdemont no Parlamento Europeu em 2019.<\/strong> Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/cnnportugal.iol.pt\/antoni-comin\/carles-puigdemont\/advogado-geral-da-ue-condena-veto-a-puigdemont-no-parlamento-europeu-em-2019\/20240411\/6617ced4d34ebf9bbb3c4f35. Acesso em: 29 set. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MATOS, Je\u00f3rgelis Martins de; SANT\u2019ANNA, Mar\u00edlia Mendon\u00e7a Morais. O separatismo catal\u00e3o e a situa\u00e7\u00e3o pol\u00edtico-social na Espanha<\/em>. RJLB,<\/strong> Ano 4 (2018), n\u00ba 3. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.cidp.pt\/revistas\/rjlb\/2018\/3\/2018_03_0559_0574.pdf. Acesso em: 29 set. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA. Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia. Recurso interposto em 16 de setembro de 2022 por Carles Puigdemont i Casamaj\u00f3 e Antoni Com\u00edn i Oliveres do Ac\u00f3rd\u00e3o proferido pelo Tribunal Geral (Sexta Sec\u00e7\u00e3o alargada) em 6 de julho de 2022 no processo T-388\/19, Puigdemont i Casamaj\u00f3 e Com\u00edn i Oliveres\/Parlamento <\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/juris\/document\/document.jsf?text=&docid=268077&pageIndex=0&doclang=pt&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=2828906. Acesso em: 29 set. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Not\u00edcias dos Tribunais Internacionais<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 Tribunais Europeu<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1.1 Tribunal Europeu de Justi\u00e7a<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO TEM\u00c1TICO: <\/strong>Cidadania global.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEDIDAS RESTRITIVAS EM REA\u00c7\u00c3O \u00c0 GUERRA NA UCR\u00c2NIA: \u00c9 V\u00c1LIDA A PROIBI\u00c7\u00c3O DE PRESTAR SERVI\u00c7OS DE ACONSELHAMENTO JUR\u00cdDICO AO GOVERNO RUSSO E \u00c0S ENTIDADES ESTABELECIDAS NA R\u00daSSIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jessyca Beatriz Rodrigues Lopes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em 2022, em resposta \u00e0 intensifica\u00e7\u00e3o da agress\u00e3o da R\u00fassia contra a Ucr\u00e2nia, o Conselho da Uni\u00e3o Europeia adotou uma s\u00e9rie de medidas restritivas destinadas a fazer press\u00e3o sobre a R\u00fassia para p\u00f4r termo \u00e0 sua guerra de agress\u00e3o. Entre as medidas tomadas figura a proibi\u00e7\u00e3o de prestar servi\u00e7os de aconselhamento jur\u00eddico. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sob certas limita\u00e7\u00f5es, estes atos pro\u00edbem qualquer pessoa de prestar servi\u00e7os de aconselhamento jur\u00eddico no territ\u00f3rio da Uni\u00e3o Europeia, a toda e qualquer pessoa f\u00edsica ou entidade governamental russa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A proibi\u00e7\u00e3o visa intensificar ainda mais a press\u00e3o exercida sobre a R\u00fassia. Diversas organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de advogados belgas, como a Ordre n\u00e9erlandais des avocats du barreau de Bruxelles, a Ordre des avocats belges, a Ordre des avocats \u00e0 la cour de Paris, juntamente com um de seus integrantes e a Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Avocats Ensemble (ACE), interpuseram recurso perante o Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia com o fito de alcan\u00e7ar a revoga\u00e7\u00e3o de tal proibi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na sua vis\u00e3o, tal medida carece de justificativa, infringindo direitos fundamentais, como o acesso \u00e0 orienta\u00e7\u00e3o jur\u00eddica por um advogado, o sigilo profissional, a obriga\u00e7\u00e3o de independ\u00eancia dos advogados, ademais, compromete os valores do Estado de Direito e os seus princ\u00edpios da proporcionalidade e da seguran\u00e7a jur\u00eddica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O TJUE ressaltou que o direito \u00e0 prote\u00e7\u00e3o judicial efetiva, garantido pela Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da Uni\u00e3o Europeia, abrange o direito de ser representado e orientado por um advogado em disputas legais, sejam elas atuais ou potenciais. Segundo o Tribunal, a proibi\u00e7\u00e3o contestada n\u00e3o prejudica esse direito.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No que se refere \u00e0s derroga\u00e7\u00f5es e \u00e0 proibi\u00e7\u00e3o, o Tribunal Geral considera que essas disposi\u00e7\u00f5es, isoladamente, n\u00e3o configuram uma viola\u00e7\u00e3o da prote\u00e7\u00e3o do sigilo profissional do advogado. No entanto, salienta que os Estados-Membros t\u00eam o dever de assegurar o respeito pela Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais ao determinar as formas de implementa\u00e7\u00e3o dos procedimentos de isen\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O TJUE observa que a fun\u00e7\u00e3o essencial do advogado de preservar e promover o Estado de Direito pode estar sujeita a certas limita\u00e7\u00f5es. De fato, essa fun\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser restringida por raz\u00f5es de interesse p\u00fablico perseguidas pela Uni\u00e3o, desde que tais limita\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o resultem, considerando o objetivo visado, em uma interfer\u00eancia desproporcional e inaceit\u00e1vel que comprometa a ess\u00eancia da miss\u00e3o atribu\u00edda aos advogados em um Estado de direito.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Desta feita, de acordo com o Tribunal, a proibi\u00e7\u00e3o em quest\u00e3o, definida pelas normas de exce\u00e7\u00e3o e isen\u00e7\u00e3o, busca de maneira eficaz objetivos de interesse p\u00fablico, sem comprometer a ess\u00eancia da fun\u00e7\u00e3o essencial dos advogados em uma sociedade democr\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFER\u00caNCIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

TRIBUNAL DE JUSTI\u00c7A DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA. Acord\u00e3os do Tribunal Geral nos processos T-797\/22 | Ordre n\u00e9erlandais des avocats du barreau de Bruxelles e o.\/Conselho, T-798\/22 | Ordre des avocats \u00e0 la cour de Paris et Couturier\/Conselho e T-828\/22| ACE\/Conselho. Medidas restritivas em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 guerra na Ucr\u00e2nia: \u00e9 v\u00e1lida a proibi\u00e7\u00e3o de prestar servi\u00e7os de aconselhamento jur\u00eddico ao Governo Russo e \u00e0s entidades estabelecidas na R\u00fassia.<\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel: https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/2024-10\/cp240155pt.pdf. Acesso em 01\/10\/2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THEMATIC AXIS: <\/strong>Global Citizenship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RESTRICTIVE MEASURES IN RESPONSE TO THE WAR IN UKRAINE: THE PROHIBITION ON PROVIDING LEGAL ADVISORY SERVICES TO THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT AND TO ENTITIES ESTABLISHED IN RUSSIA IS VALID <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jessyca Beatriz Rodrigues Lopes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2022, in response to the intensification of Russia\u2019s aggression against Ukraine, the Council of the European Union adopted a series of restrictive measures aimed at putting pressure on Russia to end its war of aggression. Among the measures taken was the prohibition on providing legal advisory services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under certain limitations, these actions prohibit any person who can provide legal advisory services within the territory of the European Union from offering such services to any Russian individual or governmental entity. The prohibition seeks to further increase the pressure on Russia. Several Belgian lawyer organizations, including the Ordre n\u00e9erlandais des avocats du barreau de Bruxelles, the Ordre des avocats belges, the Ordre des avocats \u00e0 la cour de Paris, together with one of their members and the association Avocats Ensemble (ACE), submitted a case to the General Court of the European Union seeking the revocation of this prohibition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In their view, this measure lacks justification, infringing fundamental rights such as access to legal counsel, attorney-client confidentiality, and the duty of lawyer independence, while also undermining the rule of law and its principles of proportionality and legal certainty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The General Court emphasizes that the right to effective judicial protection, guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, includes the right to be represented and advised by a lawyer in legal disputes, whether current or potential. According to the Court, the contested prohibition does not violate this right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regarding the derogations and the prohibition, the General Court considers that these provisions, in themselves, do not constitute a violation of attorney-client confidentiality. However, it highlights that Member States have the obligation to ensure respect for the Charter of Fundamental Rights when defining the procedures for exemptions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The General Court notes that the essential role of lawyers in upholding and promoting the rule of law may be subject to certain limitations. Indeed, this role may be restricted for public interest objectives pursued by the Union, provided such limitations do not result, considering the pursued objective, in a disproportionate and unacceptable interference that undermines the very essence of the mission entrusted to lawyers in a state governed by the rule of law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, according to the General Court, the prohibition in question, as defined by the exception and exemption provisions, effectively pursues public interest objectives without undermining the core function of lawyers in a democratic society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFERENCE: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

TRIBUNAL DE JUSTI\u00c7A DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA. Acord\u00e3os do Tribunal Geral nos processos T-797\/22 | Ordre n\u00e9erlandais des avocats du barreau de Bruxelles e o.\/Conselho, T-798\/22 | Ordre des avocats \u00e0 la cour de Paris et Couturier\/Conselho e T-828\/22| ACE\/Conselho. Medidas restritivas em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 guerra na Ucr\u00e2nia: \u00e9 v\u00e1lida a proibi\u00e7\u00e3o de prestar servi\u00e7os de aconselhamento jur\u00eddico ao Governo Russo e \u00e0s entidades estabelecidas na R\u00fassia.<\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel: https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/2024-10\/cp240155pt.pdf. Acesso em 01\/10\/2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1.2 Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO TEM\u00c1TICO: <\/strong>Cidadania global.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A CORTE EUROPEIA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS SOBRE A SEGURIDADE SOCIAL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thiago Giovani Romero<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A decis\u00e3o da Corte Europeia dos Direitos Humanos no <\/a>caso Morelli c. It\u00e1lia<\/a>, proferida em 19 de setembro de 2024, declarou a queixa manifestamente inadmiss\u00edvel. O caso gira em torno da obriga\u00e7\u00e3o imposta a trabalhadores independentes, que atuam como gerentes comerciais, de se afiliarem a dois regimes distintos de seguran\u00e7a social sob o Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale (INPS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Federico Morelli, um cidad\u00e3o italiano nascido em 1968 e residente em Trieste, tornou-se gerente de uma empresa em 1996, afiliando-se ao regime de seguran\u00e7a social para trabalhadores independentes. Em 2007, o INPS o incluiu tamb\u00e9m no regime para operadores comerciais, exigindo o pagamento retroativo de contribui\u00e7\u00f5es desde 2002. Morelli contestou essa exig\u00eancia, argumentando que uma decis\u00e3o anterior da Corte Italiana indicava que n\u00e3o havia necessidade de afilia\u00e7\u00e3o a ambos os regimes. Contudo, em 2010, o Poder Legislativo italiano implementou uma nova disposi\u00e7\u00e3o que tornava obrigat\u00f3ria essa dupla afilia\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos analisou se a interven\u00e7\u00e3o legislativa prejudicou a equidade do processo judicial. Constatou que a mudan\u00e7a na legisla\u00e7\u00e3o era previs\u00edvel e justificada por interesses gerais, como a estabilidade financeira do Estado e a restaura\u00e7\u00e3o da seguran\u00e7a jur\u00eddica. Assim, rejeitou o argumento de que a nova lei era retroativa e prejudicial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A decis\u00e3o se relaciona com as fichas tem\u00e1ticas da Uni\u00e3o Europeia, especialmente no que diz respeito \u00e0 prote\u00e7\u00e3o social e ao direito ao trabalho. A jurisprud\u00eancia da Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos reflete um equil\u00edbrio entre os direitos individuais e as necessidades coletivas de um Estado membro. A prote\u00e7\u00e3o da estabilidade financeira do Estado \u00e9 um princ\u00edpio fundamental nas pol\u00edticas sociais da UE, que busca garantir um sistema de bem-estar robusto sem comprometer os direitos dos cidad\u00e3os.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Assim, a Corte reafirma a import\u00e2ncia do direito a um processo justo, conforme consagrado no artigo 6 da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o Europeia dos Direitos Humanos. A decis\u00e3o sublinha que interven\u00e7\u00f5es legislativas podem ser necess\u00e1rias para assegurar a justi\u00e7a e a equidade nos sistemas de seguran\u00e7a social, desde que sejam previs\u00edveis e fundamentadas em raz\u00f5es de interesse geral. A decis\u00e3o no caso Morelli versus<\/em> It\u00e1lia ilustra como as quest\u00f5es de seguran\u00e7a social s\u00e3o tratadas na esfera europeia, refletindo tanto as preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es com os direitos individuais quanto com as exig\u00eancias coletivas do Estado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refer\u00eancia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Corte Europeia dos Direitos Humanos. Morelli c. It\u00e1lia<\/strong>, 19 set. 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/prd-echr.coe.int\/fr\/web\/echr\/w\/inadmissibility-decision-concerning-italy-3. Acesso em: 7 out. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS ON SOCIAL SECURITY (Case Morelli v. Italy)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thiago Giovani Romero<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The decision of the European Court of Human Rights in the case Morelli v. Italy, issued on September 19, 2024, declared the complaint manifestly inadmissible. The case revolves around the obligation imposed on self-employed workers, who act as commercial managers, to affiliate with two distinct social security regimes under the Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale (INPS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Federico Morelli, an Italian citizen born in 1968 and residing in Trieste, became the manager of a company in 1996, joining the social security regime for self-employed workers. In 2007, INPS also included him in the regime for commercial operators, requiring retroactive payment of contributions from 2002. Morelli contested this requirement, arguing that a previous decision by the Italian Court indicated that there was no need for affiliation to both regimes. However, in 2010, the Italian legislature implemented a new provision that made this dual affiliation mandatory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The European Court of Human Rights examined whether the legislative intervention undermined the fairness of the judicial process. It found that the change in legislation was foreseeable and justified by general interests, such as the financial stability of the state and the restoration of legal certainty. Thus, it rejected the argument that the new law was retroactive and harmful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The decision relates to thematic files of the European Union, particularly regarding social protection and the right to work. The jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights reflects a balance between individual rights and collective needs of a member state. Protecting the financial stability of the state is a fundamental principle in EU social policies, which aim to ensure a robust welfare system without compromising citizens’ rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this way, the Court reaffirms the importance of the right to a fair trial, as enshrined in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The decision underscores that legislative interventions may be necessary to ensure justice and equity within social security systems, provided they are foreseeable and grounded in reasons of general interest. The ruling in the case Morelli v. Italy illustrates how social security issues are addressed within the European sphere, reflecting both concerns for individual rights and collective state requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Corte Europeia dos Direitos Humanos. Morelli c. It\u00e1lia<\/strong>, 19 set. 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/prd-echr.coe.int\/fr\/web\/echr\/w\/inadmissibility-decision-concerning-italy-3. Acesso em: 7 out. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 Corte Internacional de Justi\u00e7a<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO TEM\u00c1TICO: <\/strong>Cidadania Global<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A APLICA\u00c7\u00c3O DA CONVEN\u00c7\u00c3O SOBRE A PREVEN\u00c7\u00c3O E PUNI\u00c7\u00c3O DO CRIME DE GENOC\u00cdDIO NA FAIXA DE GAZA (\u00c1FRICA DO SUL VS<\/em> ISRAEL).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Francielli Alice Nunes Coutinho<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Conven\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a Preven\u00e7\u00e3o e Puni\u00e7\u00e3o do Crime de Genoc\u00eddio surgiu no ano de 1948, ap\u00f3s a segunda guerra mundial, como resposta ao regime imperante na Alemanha Nazista. Este \u00e9 o primeiro Tratado Internacional que limita que ocorra novamente esse tipo de atrocidade. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O crime de genoc\u00eddio \u00e9 uma das viola\u00e7\u00f5es mais sistem\u00e1ticas contra os Direitos Humanos, sendo ele respons\u00e1vel pela \u201cdestrui\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d total ou parcial de um grupo \u00e9tico, nacional, racial ou religioso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Conven\u00e7\u00e3o tem como objetivo a puni\u00e7\u00e3o do crime de genoc\u00eddio, assim como da conspira\u00e7\u00e3o para comet\u00ea-lo, a incita\u00e7\u00e3o para sua pr\u00e1tica, a mera tentativa e a participa\u00e7\u00e3o no crime. Contudo, apesar de sua exist\u00eancia, os casos de genoc\u00eddio n\u00e3o apenas se limitaram ao contexto da Segunda Guerra Mundial, mas sim, em outros epis\u00f3dios, como por exemplo: o Genoc\u00eddio em Ruanda, com a morte de cerca de 800 (oitocentos) mil pessoas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O tratado estipula que os criminosos ser\u00e3o julgados pelo tribunal competente do Estado, podendo ainda ser julgado por um Tribunal Penal Internacional e pela Corte Internacional de Justi\u00e7a, que tratar\u00e1 as disputas entres os Estados. No caso da \u00c1frica do Sul e de Israel, o Pa\u00eds Sul-Africano solicitou a CIJ, em 29 de dezembro de 2023, que fossem adotadas medidas para proteger as pessoas contra danos irrepar\u00e1veis aos direitos do povo Palestino, pois para a \u00c1frica do Sul, \u201co pa\u00eds de Israel a partir de seus atos e omiss\u00f5es comete genoc\u00eddio, sendo o ato negado pelo pa\u00eds Israelense. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O registro realizado pela \u00c1frica do Sul conta com o apoio de pa\u00edses como: Espanha, Palestina, M\u00e9xico, L\u00edbia, Col\u00f4mbia, sendo que recentemente o Chile tamb\u00e9m realizou o registro, com isso, os referidos pa\u00edses passam a estar vinculados ao julgamento. A decis\u00e3o da Corte Internacional de Justi\u00e7a tem for\u00e7a definitiva. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFER\u00caNCIAS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRASIL. Decreto n\u00ba 30.822, de 6 de maio de 1952. <\/strong>Convention Pour La Prevention Et La Repression Du Crime De G\u00e9nocide: Assembleia Geral das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/atos\/decretos\/1952\/d30822.html. Acesso em: 3 out. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NOVO, Benigno Nunez. Crime de genoc\u00eddio: entenda o que \u00e9 e como funciona<\/strong>. 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.jusbrasil.com.br\/artigos\/crime-de-genocidio-entenda-o-que-e-e-como-funciona\/2187160244. Acesso em: 3 out. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ORGANIZA\u00c7\u00c3O DAS NA\u00c7\u00d5ES UNIDAS. O que \u00e9 a Corte Internacional de Justi\u00e7a e por que \u00e9 importante?<\/strong> ONU News, 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/news.un.org\/pt\/story\/2024\/01\/1826092. Acesso em: 3 out. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ORGANIZA\u00c7\u00c3O DAS NA\u00c7\u00d5ES UNIDAS. O que \u00e9 a Conven\u00e7\u00e3o da Preven\u00e7\u00e3o e Puni\u00e7\u00e3o do Crime de Genoc\u00eddio?<\/strong>ONU News, 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/news.un.org\/pt\/story\/2024\/01\/1826157. Acesso em: 3 out. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THEMATIC AXIS: <\/strong>Global Citizenship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE IN GAZA (SOUTH AFRICA VS. ISRAEL)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Francielli Alice Nunes Coutinho<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was established in 1948, following World War II, when Nazi Germany killed thousands of Jews during the Holocaust. This is the first international treaty aimed at preventing such atrocities from occurring again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genocide is one of the most systematic violations of human rights, as it involves the total or partial “destruction” of an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Convention aims to punish the crime of genocide, as well as conspiracy to commit it, incitement to commit it, attempts, and participation in the crime. However, despite the Convention\u2019s existence, genocide cases have not been limited to the context of World War II. Other instances have occurred, such as the Rwandan Genocide, which resulted in the deaths of approximately 800,000 people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The treaty stipulates that perpetrators shall be judged by the competent courts of the state, and may also be tried by an International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which handles disputes between states. In the case of South Africa vs. Israel, the South African government requested on December 29, 2023, that the ICJ take measures to prevent irreparable harm to the rights of the Palestinian people. South Africa argued that “Israel, through its actions and omissions, is committing genocide,” a claim denied by Israel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

South Africa’s filing was supported by countries such as Spain, Palestine, Mexico, Libya, and Colombia, with Chile recently joining the case. As a result, these nations are now bound by the court’s judgment. The International Court of Justice\u2019s decisions are final.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFERENCES:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRASIL. Decreto n\u00ba 30.822, de 6 de maio de 1952. <\/strong>Convention Pour La Prevention Et La Repression Du Crime De G\u00e9nocide: Assembleia Geral das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/atos\/decretos\/1952\/d30822.html. Acesso em: 3 out. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NOVO, Benigno Nunez. Crime de genoc\u00eddio: entenda o que \u00e9 e como funciona<\/strong>. 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.jusbrasil.com.br\/artigos\/crime-de-genocidio-entenda-o-que-e-e-como-funciona\/2187160244. Acesso em: 3 out. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ORGANIZA\u00c7\u00c3O DAS NA\u00c7\u00d5ES UNIDAS. O que \u00e9 a Corte Internacional de Justi\u00e7a e por que \u00e9 importante?<\/strong> ONU News, 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/news.un.org\/pt\/story\/2024\/01\/1826092. Acesso em: 3 out. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ORGANIZA\u00c7\u00c3O DAS NA\u00c7\u00d5ES UNIDAS. O que \u00e9 a Conven\u00e7\u00e3o da Preven\u00e7\u00e3o e Puni\u00e7\u00e3o do Crime de Genoc\u00eddio?<\/strong>ONU News, 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/news.un.org\/pt\/story\/2024\/01\/1826157. Acesso em: 3 out. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos <\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO TEM\u00c1TICO: <\/strong>Cidadania Global<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UMA NOVA ABORDAGEM AO CONCEITO DE LIDERAN\u00c7A POL\u00cdTICA E SEU EXERC\u00cdCIO A PARTIR DAS VOZES DAS MULHERES NAS AM\u00c9RICAS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00e1lia Marques Andrade<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No Dia Internacional da Democracia, a Comiss\u00e3o Interamericana de Mulheres (CIM) da Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos Estados Americanos (OEA) lan\u00e7ou o documento \u201cRomper el Molde: Una nueva aproximaci\u00f3n al concepto de liderazgo pol\u00edtico y su ejercicio desde las voces de las mujeres de las Am\u00e9ricas\u201d, que re\u00fane relatos de mais de 30 mulheres pol\u00edticas da America Latina e do Caribe, desafiando a lideran\u00e7a tradicional e propondo uma vis\u00e3o disruptiva a partir das vozes das mulheres nas Am\u00e9ricas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os relatos trazem experi\u00eancias, desafios e estrat\u00e9gias que essas mulheres passaram para superar barreiras estruturais e socioculturais na pol\u00edtica. As mulheres pol\u00edticas das Am\u00e9ricas enfrentam diversos desafios que dificultam sua participa\u00e7\u00e3o e lideran\u00e7a no cen\u00e1rio pol\u00edtico. A publica\u00e7\u00e3o exalta como essas mulheres enfrentam a discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o de g\u00eanero, a viol\u00eancia pol\u00edtica e a falta de oportunidades em espa\u00e7os decis\u00f3rios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O documento d\u00e1 voz a mulheres de diferentes origens que mostram que a lideran\u00e7a pol\u00edtica deve evoluir tanto em suas defini\u00e7\u00f5es quanto nas estrat\u00e9gias que emprega. Os relatos demonstram um padr\u00e3o recorrente entre as l\u00edderes, destacando suas habilidades e a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de alian\u00e7as para superar os desafios. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As mulheres t\u00eam conseguido quebrar barreiras hist\u00f3ricas e exercer uma lideran\u00e7a transformadora, promovendo a igualdade de g\u00eanero, justi\u00e7a social e respeito pelos direitos humanos em seus pa\u00edses. Dar visibilidade ao papel das mulheres na pol\u00edtica \u00e9 fundamental para o fortalecimento da democracia nas Am\u00e9ricas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Comiss\u00e3o Interamericana de Mulheres n\u00e3o apenas demonstra as experi\u00eancias das mulheres l\u00edderes das Am\u00e9ricas, como tamb\u00e9m sugere uma nova perspectiva do conceito de lideran\u00e7a pol\u00edtica, refletindo as realidades e desafios que essas mulheres enfrentam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFER\u00caNCIA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ORGANIZA\u00c7\u00c3O DOS ESTADOS AMERICANOS. Reuni\u00e3o de Ministras e Altas Autoridades da Mulher.<\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.oas.org\/es\/cim\/docs\/ReM_CP.pdf. Acesso em: 3 out. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THEMATIC AXIS: <\/strong>Global citizenship<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A NEW APPROACH TO THE CONCEPT OF POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND ITS EXERCISE FROM THE VOICES OF WOMEN IN THE AMERICAS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00e1lia Marques Andrade<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On International Democracy Day, the Inter-American Commission of Women (CIM) of the Organization of American States (OAS) launched the document “Breaking the Mold: A New Approach to the Concept of Political Leadership and Its Exercise from the Voices of Women in the Americas,” which gathers stories from more than 30 women politicians from Latin America and the Caribbean, challenging traditional leadership and proposing a disruptive vision based on the voices of women in the Americas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The stories bring experiences, challenges, and strategies that these women have used to overcome structural and sociocultural barriers in politics. Women politicians in the Americas face various challenges that hinder their participation and leadership in the political arena. The publication highlights how these women confront gender discrimination, political violence, and the lack of opportunities in decision-making spaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The document gives voice to women from diverse backgrounds, showing that political leadership must evolve both in its definitions and in the strategies it employs. The accounts show a recurring pattern among leaders, emphasizing their skills and the building of alliances to overcome challenges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Women have been able to break historical barriers and exercise transformative leadership, promoting gender equality, social justice, and respect for human rights in their countries. Giving visibility to the role of women in politics is essential for strengthening democracy in the Americas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Inter-American Commission of Women not only showcases the experiences of women leaders in the Americas but also suggests a new perspective on the concept of political leadership, reflecting the realities and challenges these women face.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFERENCE:<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ORGANIZA\u00c7\u00c3O DOS ESTADOS AMERICANOS. Reuni\u00e3o de Ministras e Altas Autoridades da Mulher.<\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.oas.org\/es\/cim\/docs\/ReM_CP.pdf. Acesso em: 3 out. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO: <\/strong>Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas e Ecoc\u00eddio.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

INC\u00caNDIOS FLORESTAIS NO BRASIL E REGI\u00c3O S\u00c3O PAUTA DE PREOCUPA\u00c7\u00c3O E DISCUSS\u00c3O NA REDESCA <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taciana Cec\u00edlia Ramos<\/p>\n\n\n\n

           A Comiss\u00e3o Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH), mediante seu escrit\u00f3rio de Relatoria Especial sobre Direitos Econ\u00f4micos, Sociais, Culturais e Ambientais (REDESCA), manifestou profunda preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o e solidariedade neste m\u00eas de setembro de 2024 diante da grave emerg\u00eancia ambiental que decorre dos inc\u00eandios florestais que est\u00e3o afetando de maneira severa o Brasil e toda a regi\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Segundo dados da REDESCA, cerca de  7.300.000 hectares na regi\u00e3o da Am\u00e9rica do Sul est\u00e3o devastadas por tais inc\u00eandios – o que equivale a quase 80% do territ\u00f3rio de Portugal. Bol\u00edvia e Brasil s\u00e3o os pa\u00edses mais devastados.  No territ\u00f3rio brasileiro, os biomas da Amaz\u00f4nia, Cerrado, Mata Atl\u00e2ntica e Pantanal foram os mais afetados pelos inc\u00eandios florestais nas \u00faltimas semanas \u2013 as queimadas atingiram uma \u00e1rea correspondente ao dobro do tamanho da Hungria. Tais inc\u00eandios s\u00e3o ocasionados por condi\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas extremas, pelo desmatamento, pela expans\u00e3o da fronteira agr\u00edcola e n\u00e3o trazem danos exclusivamente \u00e0 biodiversidade ambiental:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O aumento da vulnerabilidade das comunidades, o impulso a  deslocamentos de popula\u00e7\u00f5es humanas e de outros seres vivos (implicando em riscos \u00e0 sa\u00fade dessas popula\u00e7\u00f5es e at\u00e9 perdas de vida), mais a destrui\u00e7\u00e3o dos sumidouros de carbono fundamentais constituem preju\u00edzos muitas vezes irrevers\u00edveis<\/p>\n\n\n\n

           Tendo isso em mente, a REDESCA, prop\u00f4s encaminhamentos relevantes para enfrentar este cen\u00e1rio. Uma das medidas indicadas foi a de revis\u00e3o, pelos pa\u00edses, dos planos de conting\u00eancia, considerando os riscos atuais no contexto da emerg\u00eancia clim\u00e1tica. Para tanto deve-se formalizar a  aprova\u00e7\u00e3o ou atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o de leis de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o florestal, a imposi\u00e7\u00e3o de proibi\u00e7\u00f5es ao desmatamento e a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de pol\u00edticas ativas contra o desmatamento ilegal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

           Nota-se, portanto, que este \u00f3rg\u00e3o da CIDH refor\u00e7a o apelo \u00e0 necessidade de empenho de cada Estado para prevenir, minimizar ou adaptar suas realidades ao contexto dos inc\u00eandios florestais, reiterando a proposta de coopera\u00e7\u00e3o internacional em prol da justi\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica – perspectiva esta que \u00e9 imprescind\u00edvel atualmente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFER\u00caNCIA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CIDH. A REDESCA insta uma a\u00e7\u00e3o urgente diante da crise ambiental na Am\u00e9rica do Sul provocada pelos inc\u00eandios florestais. <\/strong>REDESCA, 17 set. 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.oas.org\/pt\/CIDH\/jsForm\/?File=\/pt\/cidh\/prensa\/notas\/2024\/218.asp. Acesso em: 24 set. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THEMATIC AXIS: <\/strong>Climate Change and Ecocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FOREST FIRES IN BRAZIL AND THE REGION ARE A TOPIC OF CONCERN AND DISCUSSION AT REDESCA \u2013 INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taciana Cec\u00edlia Ramos<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), through the Special Rapporteur on Economic, Social, Cultural and Environmental Rights (REDESCA), expressed deep concern and solidarity this month of September 2024 in the face of the serious environmental emergency resulting from forest fires which are severely affecting Brazil and the entire region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to data from REDESCA, around 7,300,000 hectares in the South American region are devastated by these fires \u2013 which is equivalent to almost 80% of Portugal\u2019s territory. Bolivia and Brazil are the most devastated countries. In Brazilian territory, the Amazon, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Pantanal biomes were the most affected by forest fires in recent weeks \u2013 the fires reached an area twice the size of Hungary. Such fires are caused by extreme weather conditions, deforestation, the expansion of the agricultural frontier and do not exclusively harm environmental biodiversity:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The increase in the vulnerability of communities, the drive for displacement of human populations and other living beings (implying risks to the health of these populations and even loss of life), plus the destruction of fundamental carbon sinks constitute damage that is often irreversible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REDESCA, in this sense, proposed relevant steps to face this scenario. One of the measures indicated was the review, by countries, of contingency plans, considering the current risks in the context of the climate emergency. To this end, the approval or updating of forest conservation laws, the imposition of prohibitions on deforestation and the implementation of active policies against illegal deforestation must be formalized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is noted, therefore, that this IACHR body reinforces the call for the need for commitment from each State to prevent, minimize or adapt their realities to the context of forest fires, reiterating the proposal for international cooperation in favor of climate justice \u2013 a perspective that is essential today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFERENCE:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

IACHR. REDESCA urges urgent action in the face of the environmental crisis in South America caused by forest fires<\/strong>. REDESCA, September 17th. 2024. Available at: https:\/\/www.oas.org\/pt\/CIDH\/jsForm\/?File=\/pt\/cidh\/prensa\/notas\/2024\/218.asp. Accessed on: 24 Sep. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO TEM\u00c1TICO: <\/strong>Cidadania Global<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CIDH PEDE MEDIDAS PARA ERRADICAR APATRIDIA NAS AM\u00c9RICAS <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pedro Lucchetti <\/p>\n\n\n\n

No anivers\u00e1rio de 70 anos da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o de 1954 sobre o Estatuto dos Ap\u00e1tridas, a Comiss\u00e3o Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) pede aos Estados das Am\u00e9ricas que intensifiquem seus esfor\u00e7os para prevenir e erradicar a apatridia na regi\u00e3o. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A CIDH reconhece os avan\u00e7os de alguns pa\u00edses, como a Col\u00f4mbia, ao implementar um procedimento gratuito para o reconhecimento da condi\u00e7\u00e3o de ap\u00e1trida, e o Panam\u00e1, que incluiu a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de pessoas em risco de apatridia no censo de 2023. A Comiss\u00e3o destaca a import\u00e2ncia da resolu\u00e7\u00e3o 02\/23 da CIDH, que trata do direito \u00e0 nacionalidade e da proibi\u00e7\u00e3o da priva\u00e7\u00e3o arbitr\u00e1ria da nacionalidade. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A mesma tamb\u00e9m reconhece os esfor\u00e7os do Brasil, que alterou sua Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o para limitar a ren\u00fancia \u00e0 nacionalidade em casos que gerem apatridia, e do M\u00e9xico, que eliminou a restri\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 transmiss\u00e3o de nacionalidade para mexicanos nascidos no exterior. Todavia, o \u00f3rg\u00e3o expressa preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o com retrocessos em pa\u00edses como Nicar\u00e1gua e Cuba, onde leis recentes permitem a perda de nacionalidade por motivos pol\u00edticos, resultando na priva\u00e7\u00e3o arbitr\u00e1ria da nacionalidade de centenas de pessoas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enfatiza-se que a nacionalidade \u00e9 um direito inalien\u00e1vel e que sua priva\u00e7\u00e3o arbitr\u00e1ria, especialmente por raz\u00f5es pol\u00edticas, viola o direito internacional. A Comiss\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m observa desafios na Rep\u00fablica Dominicana, onde a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o da Lei 164-14, que visa restaurar a nacionalidade de pessoas afetadas por uma decis\u00e3o judicial de 2013, ainda enfrenta obst\u00e1culos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

No Uruguai, a diferencia\u00e7\u00e3o entre “cidadania legal” e nacionalidade cria barreiras para estrangeiros que buscam naturaliza\u00e7\u00e3o, colocando-os em risco de apatridia. A CIDH pede aos Estados que garantam o registro de nascimento imediato a todas as crian\u00e7as, independentemente do status migrat\u00f3rio dos pais, para prevenir a apatridia. A Comiss\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m recomenda a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de procedimentos simplificados para o registro tardio de nascimentos, a igualdade de g\u00eanero nas leis de nacionalidade e a facilita\u00e7\u00e3o dos processos de naturaliza\u00e7\u00e3o para ap\u00e1tridas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFER\u00caNCIAS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos Estados Americanos. (2024). IACHR calls on States to continue adopting measures to prevent and eradicate statelessness in the region. <\/strong>[Comunicado \u00e0 imprensa]. <\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.oas.org\/en\/IACHR\/media_center\/PReleases\/2024\/230.asp . Acesso em 29 set. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THEMATIC AXIS: <\/strong>Global Citizenship <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

IACHR CALLS FOR MEASURES TO ERADICATE STATELESSNESS IN THE AMERICAS <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pedro Lucchetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the 70th anniversary of the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) calls on States in the Americas to step up their efforts to prevent and eradicate statelessness in the region. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The IACHR recognizes the progress made by some countries, such as Colombia, which has implemented a free procedure for the recognition of statelessness status, and Panama, which has included the identification of people at risk of statelessness in its 2023 census. The Commission highlights the importance of IACHR Resolution 02\/23, which addresses the right to nationality and the prohibition of arbitrary deprivation of nationality. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The body also acknowledges the efforts of Brazil, which amended its Constitution to limit renunciation of nationality in cases that would result in statelessness, and Mexico, which eliminated the restriction on the transmission of nationality to Mexicans born abroad. Despite progress, the IACHR expresses concern about setbacks in countries such as Nicaragua and Cuba, where recent laws allow for the loss of nationality on political grounds, resulting in the arbitrary deprivation of nationality of hundreds of people. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Commission stresses that nationality is an inalienable right and that its arbitrary deprivation, especially on political grounds, violates international law. The Commission also notes challenges in the Dominican Republic, where the implementation of Law 164-14, which aims to restore the nationality of people affected by a 2013 court ruling, still faces obstacles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Uruguay, the differentiation between \u201clegal citizenship\u201d and nationality creates barriers for foreigners seeking naturalization, putting them at risk of statelessness. The IACHR calls on States to ensure immediate birth registration for all children, regardless of the immigration status of their parents, to prevent statelessness. The Commission also recommends the implementation of simplified procedures for late birth registration, gender equality in nationality laws, and the facilitation of naturalization procedures for stateless persons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFERENCES:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos Estados Americanos. (2024). IACHR calls on States to continue adopting measures to prevent and eradicate statelessness in the region. <\/strong>[Comunicado \u00e0 imprensa]. <\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.oas.org\/en\/IACHR\/media_center\/PReleases\/2024\/230.asp . Acesso em 29 set. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Not\u00edcias do Sistema ONU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1 Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO: <\/strong>Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas e Ecoc\u00eddio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O PACTO PARA O FUTURO: UM COMPROMISSO GLOBAL NA ONU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danielle Mansur Guimar\u00e3es<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na “Summit for the Future” da ONU, realizada em setembro de 2024, l\u00edderes globais discutiram e assinaram o “Pacto para o Futuro”. O documento reflete a necessidade urgente de coopera\u00e7\u00e3o multilateral para enfrentar crises globais interconectadas como mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas, desigualdade social e perda de biodiversidade. Como o Secret\u00e1rio-Geral da ONU, Ant\u00f3nio Guterres, alertou: “a humanidade enfrenta uma escolha urgente: ruptura ou avan\u00e7o”. O pacto busca ser esse avan\u00e7o, propondo uma nova vis\u00e3o para a governan\u00e7a global.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre suas principais medidas est\u00e3o o refor\u00e7o do multilateralismo, a promo\u00e7\u00e3o da sustentabilidade em suas dimens\u00f5es ambiental, social e econ\u00f4mica, e o compromisso com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel (ODS). No entanto, a concretiza\u00e7\u00e3o dessas propostas enfrenta desafios e muitos se perguntam se o pacto ser\u00e1 efetivamente implementado ou se ficar\u00e1 no plano das ideias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As na\u00e7\u00f5es europeias, historicamente comprometidas com o multilateralismo, desempenham um papel de lideran\u00e7a no pacto, destacando-se em \u00e1reas como inova\u00e7\u00e3o tecnol\u00f3gica, coopera\u00e7\u00e3o digital e direitos humanos. O pacto tamb\u00e9m enfatiza a import\u00e2ncia da ci\u00eancia e da tecnologia como ferramentas essenciais para a supera\u00e7\u00e3o dos desafios globais e busca reconstruir a confian\u00e7a na ci\u00eancia, combatendo a desinforma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A import\u00e2ncia desse pacto para o presente \u00e9 ineg\u00e1vel: ele visa construir um sistema multilateral mais inclusivo e eficaz, capaz de enfrentar as crises mais graves do mundo. Embora sua implementa\u00e7\u00e3o exija monitoramento cont\u00ednuo e comprometimento global, o pacto representa uma oportunidade \u00fanica para que a comunidade internacional avance em dire\u00e7\u00e3o a um futuro mais justo e sustent\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFER\u00caNCIAS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

NA\u00c7\u00d5ES UNIDAS BRASIL. Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas adotam o inovador Pacto para o Futuro para transformar a governan\u00e7a global<\/strong>. ([s.d.]). Brasil. 2024, Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/brasil.un.org\/pt-br\/279297-na%C3%A7%C3%B5es-unidas-adotam-o-inovador-pacto-para-o-futuro-para-transformar-governan%C3%A7a-global Acesso em: 27 set. 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ONU NEWS. Portugal \u201cbusca pontes\u201d em fase crucial da negocia\u00e7\u00e3o do Pacto para o Futuro.<\/strong> (2024, setembro 13). Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/news.un.org\/pt\/story\/2024\/09\/1837461 Acesso em: 27 set. 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNESCO. An Overview of the Pact for the Future. <\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/articles\/overview-pact-future. Acesso em: 27 set. 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THEMATIC AXIS: <\/strong>Climate Change and Ecocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE PACT FOR THE FUTURE: A GLOBAL COMMITMENT AT THE UN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danielle Mansur Guimar\u00e3es<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the UN “Summit for the Future,” held in September 2024, global leaders discussed and signed the “Pact for the Future.” The document reflects the urgent need for multilateral cooperation to tackle interconnected global crises such as climate change, social inequality, and biodiversity loss. As UN Secretary-General Ant\u00f3nio Guterres warned, “humanity faces a stark and urgent choice: a breakdown or a breakthrough.” The pact aims to be that breakthrough, proposing a new vision for global governance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Among its main measures are the strengthening of multilateralism, the promotion of sustainability across its environmental, social, and economic dimensions, and a commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the realization of these proposals faces challenges, and many question whether the pact will be effectively implemented or remain in the realm of ideas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

European nations, historically committed to multilateralism, play a leading role in the pact, particularly in areas such as technological innovation, digital cooperation, and human rights. The pact also emphasizes the importance of science and technology as essential tools to overcome global challenges, aiming to rebuild trust in science while combating misinformation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The importance of this pact for the present is undeniable: it seeks to build a more inclusive and effective multilateral system capable of addressing the world\u2019s most serious crises. Although its implementation requires ongoing monitoring and global commitment, the pact represents a unique opportunity for the international community to move toward a more just and sustainable future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFERENCES:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

NA\u00c7\u00d5ES UNIDAS BRASIL. Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas adotam o inovador Pacto para o Futuro para transformar a governan\u00e7a global<\/strong>. ([s.d.]). Brasil. 2024, Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/brasil.un.org\/pt-br\/279297-na%C3%A7%C3%B5es-unidas-adotam-o-inovador-pacto-para-o-futuro-para-transformar-governan%C3%A7a-global Acesso em: 27 set. 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ONU NEWS. Portugal \u201cbusca pontes\u201d em fase crucial da negocia\u00e7\u00e3o do Pacto para o Futuro.<\/strong> (2024, setembro 13). Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/news.un.org\/pt\/story\/2024\/09\/1837461 Acesso em: 27 set. 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNESCO. An Overview of the Pact for the Future. <\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/articles\/overview-pact-future. Acesso em: 27 set. 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00c1TEDRA JEAN MONNET DIVULGA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I Semin\u00e1rio da cl\u00ednica humanitas: Ensino, Pesquisa e Extens\u00e3o em Prol do Direito Humano \u00e0 Sa\u00fade\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \ud83d\udcc5 Data: 07 de novembro de 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \ud83c\udfe2 Local: Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia (UFU) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udd17 Inscri\u00e7\u00f5es abertas at\u00e9: 01\/11\/2024 <\/p>\n\n\n\n