{"id":1062,"date":"2024-09-07T14:43:58","date_gmt":"2024-09-07T17:43:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/?p=1062"},"modified":"2024-09-07T14:43:58","modified_gmt":"2024-09-07T17:43:58","slug":"newsletter-do-projeto-global-crossings-agosto-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalcrossings.com.br\/en\/2024\/09\/07\/newsletter-do-projeto-global-crossings-agosto-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"NEWSLETTER DO PROJETO GLOBAL CROSSINGS AGOSTO\/2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

NEWSLETTER AGOSTO\/2024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00c1TEDRA JEAN MONNET UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERL\u00c2NDIA<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 PROJETO GLOBAL CROSSINGS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

COORDENA\u00c7\u00c3O: <\/strong>PROFA. CLAUDIA LOUREIRO<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ORGANIZA\u00c7\u00c3O E EDI\u00c7\u00c3O: <\/strong>PEDRO LUCCHETTI; THIAGO ROMERO<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NOT\u00cdCIAS DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA NO COMBATE AOS INC\u00caNDIOS FLORESTAIS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danielle Mansur Guimar\u00e3es<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os inc\u00eandios florestais em Portugal, Fran\u00e7a, Espanha, Gr\u00e9cia, Alb\u00e2nia e outros pa\u00edses da Uni\u00e3o Europeia t\u00eam se tornado cada vez mais frequentes e devastadores, impulsionados pelas mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas e pela degrada\u00e7\u00e3o dos ecossistemas. Estes eventos n\u00e3o s\u00f3 causam destrui\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental, mas tamb\u00e9m colocam em risco vidas humanas, vidas n\u00e3o humanas, ecossistemas inteiros. O fogo tamb\u00e9m devasta infraestruturas cruciais, como estradas e outras redes essenciais ao pleno funcionamento das cidades. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diante desse cen\u00e1rio alarmante, o trabalho de preven\u00e7\u00e3o de inc\u00eandios torna-se crucial. A Uni\u00e3o Europeia, por meio do Mecanismo de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Civil e do programa rescEU, tem refor\u00e7ado suas capacidades para prevenir e responder a esses desastres. A preven\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 vista como uma prioridade, envolvendo desde a avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de riscos at\u00e9 o desenvolvimento de sistemas de alerta precoce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O rescEU<\/strong> foi criado como uma reserva estrat\u00e9gica de recursos da UE, financiada integralmente pela Uni\u00e3o, incluindo uma frota de avi\u00f5es e helic\u00f3pteros de combate a inc\u00eandios, al\u00e9m de capacidades m\u00e9dicas, de evacua\u00e7\u00e3o e de resposta a emerg\u00eancias qu\u00edmicas, biol\u00f3gicas, radiol\u00f3gicas e nucleares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na pr\u00e1tica, quando um inc\u00eandio de grandes propor\u00e7\u00f5es ocorre, os Estados-membros podem solicitar assist\u00eancia atrav\u00e9s do Mecanismo de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Civil da UE. O rescEU<\/strong> entra em a\u00e7\u00e3o ao mobilizar rapidamente recursos e equipes especializadas que s\u00e3o estrategicamente posicionadas em diferentes pa\u00edses europeus. Em 2024, por exemplo, 24 avi\u00f5es e 4 helic\u00f3pteros de combate a inc\u00eandios foram disponibilizados por Estados como Chipre, Espanha, Fran\u00e7a, It\u00e1lia e Portugal. Al\u00e9m disso, 556 bombeiros de 12 pa\u00edses est\u00e3o preposicionados em locais cr\u00edticos para garantir uma resposta r\u00e1pida e eficaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No entanto, mesmo com os melhores esfor\u00e7os, impedir completamente os inc\u00eandios muitas vezes n\u00e3o \u00e9 poss\u00edvel. \u00c9 por isso que a UE investe em sistemas complexos para mitigar os impactos quando esses eventos ocorrem. A coopera\u00e7\u00e3o entre Estados-membros \u00e9 fundamental para garantir uma resposta r\u00e1pida e eficiente, minimizando danos ao meio ambiente e protegendo as popula\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A solidariedade entre na\u00e7\u00f5es soberanas dentro da UE \u00e9 um pilar essencial na luta contra os inc\u00eandios florestais, mostrando que a uni\u00e3o \u00e9 a chave para enfrentar desafios que ultrapassam fronteiras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFER\u00caNCIAS: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

EU deploys assistance to combat wildfires in Greece and Albania<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/news-stories\/news\/eu-deploys-assistance-combat-wildfires-greece-and-albania-2024-08-13_en. Acesso em: 28 ago. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u200cEU mobilises assistance for wildfires in Madeira, Portugal<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/news-stories\/news\/eu-mobilises-assistance-wildfires-madeira-portugal-2024-08-22_en. Acesso em: 28 ago. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u200crescEU<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/what\/civil-protection\/resceu_en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u200cEU Civil Protection Mechanism<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/what\/civil-protection\/eu-civil-protection-mechanism_en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u200cEmergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC)<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/what\/civil-protection\/emergency-response-coordination-centre-ercc_en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u200c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THEMATIC AXIS: CLIMATE CHANGE AND ECOCIDE<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EUROPEAN UNION IN THE FIGHT AGAINST FOREST FIRES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danielle Mansur Guimar\u00e3es<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wildfires in Portugal, France, Spain, Greece, Albania and other European Union countries have become increasingly frequent and devastating, driven by climate change and ecosystem degradation. These events not only cause environmental destruction, but also endanger human lives, non-human lives and entire ecosystems. The fires also devastate crucial infrastructure, such as roads and other networks essential to the full functioning of cities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Given this alarming scenario, fire prevention work becomes crucial. The European Union, through the Civil Protection Mechanism and the rescEU<\/strong> program, has been strengthening its capacity to prevent and respond to these disasters. Prevention is seen as a priority, involving everything from risk assessment to the development of early warning systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RescEU<\/strong> was created as a strategic reserve of EU resources, fully funded by the Union, including a fleet of firefighting planes and helicopters, as well as medical, evacuation, and response capacities for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear emergencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In practice, when a large-scale fire occurs, member states can request assistance through the EU Civil Protection Mechanism. RescEU is activated to quickly mobilize resources and specialized teams that are strategically positioned in different European countries. In 2024, for example, 24 firefighting planes and 4 helicopters were made available by countries such as Cyprus, Spain, France, Italy, and Portugal. Additionally, 556 firefighters from 12 countries were prepositioned in critical locations to ensure a swift and effective response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, even with the best efforts, it is often not possible to completely prevent fires. That is why the EU invests in complex systems to mitigate the impacts when these events occur. Cooperation among member states is essential to ensure a rapid and efficient response, minimizing environmental damage and protecting populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solidarity among sovereign nations within the EU is a key pillar in the fight against wildfires, showing that unity is the key to facing challenges that cross borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFERENCES:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EU deploys assistance to combat wildfires in Greece and Albania<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/news-stories\/news\/eu-deploys-assistance-combat-wildfires-greece-and-albania-2024-08-13_en. Acesso em: 28 ago. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u200cEU mobilises assistance for wildfires in Madeira, Portugal<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/news-stories\/news\/eu-mobilises-assistance-wildfires-madeira-portugal-2024-08-22_en. Acesso em: 28 ago. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u200crescEU<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/what\/civil-protection\/resceu_en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u200cEU Civil Protection Mechanism<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/what\/civil-protection\/eu-civil-protection-mechanism_en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u200cEmergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC)<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/what\/civil-protection\/emergency-response-coordination-centre-ercc_en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EIXO: Cidadania Global<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CIDADANIA EM MOVIMENTO: DE FRONTEIRAS NACIONAIS A CIDADES GLOBAIS NA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roberta Soeiro de Moraes Souza<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A cidadania da Uni\u00e3o Europeia amadureceu, significativamente, como uma institui\u00e7\u00e3o, em grande parte devido \u00e0s interven\u00e7\u00f5es relevantes do Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia, nos \u00faltimos anos, al\u00e9m de novas iniciativas legislativas, que ajudaram a moldar a identidade europeia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

No artigo “European Union Citizenship: Writing the Future”, Dora Kostakopoulouv (2007) analisa a evolu\u00e7\u00e3o e o potencial futuro da cidadania na Uni\u00e3o Europeia. A autora argumenta que, impulsionada por decis\u00f5es judiciais e reformas legislativas, a cidadania europeia tem o potencial de transformar a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre os cidad\u00e3os e a Uni\u00e3o Europeia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Houve, assim, reformas legislativas significativas, como no caso das iniciativas, voltadas \u00e0 melhoria da pol\u00edtica de asilo do bloco, como a Revis\u00e3o do Regulamento de Dublin e o desenvolvimento de um sistema comum de asilo, a fim de garantir a prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos direitos dos solicitantes de asilo e fomentando a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o das responsabilidades de forma mais equitativa entre os Estados-Membros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kostakopoulou (2007) enfatiza a necessidade de repensar esse conceito para promover uma identidade europeia mais inclusiva e participativa, capaz de enfrentar desafios contempor\u00e2neos como mobilidade e diversidade cultural. Ela conclui que, para que a cidadania europeia atinja todo o seu potencial, \u00e9 crucial continuar a adaptar e expandir suas bases institucionais e normativas, expandindo-se seus direitos e responsabilidades, ajustando suas bases normativas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da cidadania da Uni\u00e3o Europeia tem como ponto de partida o Tratado de Maastricht, em 1992, um marco, sendo a primeira vez que se estabeleceu uma cidadania al\u00e9m do Estado-na\u00e7\u00e3o, desafiando a exclusividade da cidadania nacional. No entanto, essa inova\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o capturou amplamente a imagina\u00e7\u00e3o pol\u00edtica, sendo muitas vezes vista como uma institui\u00e7\u00e3o simb\u00f3lica e decorativa devido \u00e0 sua abrang\u00eancia limitada. Originalmente, a cidadania europeia baseava-se nos direitos de livre circula\u00e7\u00e3o e resid\u00eancia j\u00e1 existentes no direito comunit\u00e1rio, acrescentando poucos novos direitos, al\u00e9m dos eleitorais e de prote\u00e7\u00e3o consular e diplom\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A cidadania da Uni\u00e3o Europeia n\u00e3o replica a cidadania nacional. Enquanto esta \u00faltima denota plena participa\u00e7\u00e3o na comunidade nacional, a cidadania europeia estava inicialmente ligada \u00e0 mobilidade laboral e \u00e0 cria\u00e7\u00e3o de um mercado interno, evoluindo para refletir preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre como novas institui\u00e7\u00f5es econ\u00f4micas poderiam se enraizar em comunidades concretas, transformando o mercado \u00fanico em uma Europa dos cidad\u00e3os. O Tratado de Maastricht associou os direitos de livre circula\u00e7\u00e3o e resid\u00eancia ao status pol\u00edtico de cidad\u00e3o da Uni\u00e3o, contribuindo para uma transforma\u00e7\u00e3o conceitual desses direitos. A cidadania da Uni\u00e3o traz consigo a expectativa de tratamento igual em toda a UE, independentemente da nacionalidade, mas esse processo \u00e9 repleto de ambiguidades, contradi\u00e7\u00f5es e tens\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A intera\u00e7\u00e3o entre a cidadania nacional e a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia \u00e9 interdependente, com cada uma influenciando e sendo transformada pela outra. Embora os la\u00e7os nacionais sejam importantes para as pessoas, n\u00e3o se pode ignorar a crescente transforma\u00e7\u00e3o dos trabalhadores migrantes em cidad\u00e3os da Uni\u00e3o, com amplos direitos de igualdade de tratamento no Estado-membro em que residem, e o crescente prest\u00edgio da cidadania da Uni\u00e3o. O desenvolvimento dessa cidadania permite repensar e transformar a cidadania em termos mais cr\u00edticos e institucionais, promovendo um modelo que melhora as oportunidades de vida dos cidad\u00e3os ao eliminar formas desnecess\u00e1rias de discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No contexto da Uni\u00e3o Europeia, a cidadania global envolve uma identidade que transcende as fronteiras nacionais e um compromisso com valores universais e responsabilidades compartilhadas em quest\u00f5es globais. Entre suas caracter\u00edsticas principais, destacam-se a identidade transnacional, o respeito \u00e0 diversidade cultural, o engajamento ativo e a participa\u00e7\u00e3o c\u00edvica, al\u00e9m de uma educa\u00e7\u00e3o voltada para a conscientiza\u00e7\u00e3o cr\u00edtica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Segundo Saskia Sassen (2001), as cidades globais, como Londres, Paris, Bruxelas e Berlim, tornam-se fundamentais nesse cen\u00e1rio, pois funcionam como centros de interc\u00e2mbio cultural e econ\u00f4mico, espa\u00e7os de inova\u00e7\u00e3o e solu\u00e7\u00f5es globais, e promotoras de direitos humanos e inclus\u00e3o. Elas oferecem acesso a redes globais e modelos de governan\u00e7a multin\u00edvel, materializando os princ\u00edpios de uma cidadania global de forma concreta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refer\u00eancias<\/p>\n\n\n\n

APPIAH, Kwame Anthony. Cosmopolitanism<\/strong>: Ethics in a World of Strangers. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BLOMLEY, Nicholas. Law, Property, and the Geography of Violence<\/strong>: The Frontier, the Survey, and the Grid. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 93, n. 1, p. 121-141, 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES. The New European Citizenship<\/strong>. Brussels: European Commission, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KOSTAKOPOULOU, Dora. European Union Citizenship<\/strong>: Writing the Future. European Law Journal, v. 13, n. 5, p. 623-646, 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SASSEN, Saskia. The Global City<\/strong>: New York, London, Tokyo. 2. ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNESCO. Educa\u00e7\u00e3o para a cidadania global<\/strong>: preparando os aprendentes para os desafios do s\u00e9culo XXI. Paris: UNESCO, 2014. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000227729. Acesso em: 27 ago. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNITED NATIONS HABITAT. The State of the World’s Cities 2008\/2009<\/strong>: Harmonious Cities. London: Earthscan, 2008. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/unhabitat.org\/books\/state-of-the-worlds-cities-20082009-harmonious-cities. Acesso em: 27 ago. 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CITIZENSHIP ON THE MOVE: FROM NATIONAL BORDERS TO GLOBAL CITIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roberta Soeiro de Moraes Souza<\/p>\n\n\n\n

European Union citizenship has significantly matured as an institution, largely due to relevant interventions by the Court of Justice of the European Union in recent years, as well as new legislative initiatives that have helped shape European identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the article “European Union Citizenship: Writing the Future,” Dora Kostakopoulou (2007) analyzes the evolution and future potential of EU citizenship. The author argues that, driven by judicial decisions and legislative reforms, European citizenship has the potential to transform the relationship between citizens and the European Union. Significant legislative reforms, such as initiatives to improve the EU’s asylum policy, including the Review of the Dublin Regulation and the development of a common asylum system, have been implemented to ensure the protection of asylum seekers’ rights and to promote a more equitable distribution of responsibilities among member states.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kostakopoulou (2007) emphasizes the need to rethink this concept to promote a more inclusive and participatory European identity, capable of addressing contemporary challenges such as mobility and cultural diversity. She concludes that, for EU citizenship to reach its full potential, it is crucial to continue adapting and expanding its institutional and normative foundations, broadening its rights and responsibilities, and adjusting its normative bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The evolution of EU citizenship began with the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, marking the first time a citizenship beyond the nation-state was established, challenging the exclusivity of national citizenship. However, this innovation did not widely capture political imagination, often being viewed as a symbolic and decorative institution due to its limited scope. Originally, EU citizenship was based on existing Community law rights of free movement and residence, adding few new rights beyond electoral and consular protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EU citizenship does not replicate national citizenship. While the latter denotes full participation in the national community, EU citizenship was initially linked to labor mobility and the creation of an internal market, evolving to reflect concerns about how new economic institutions could become rooted in concrete communities, transforming the single market into a Europe of citizens. The Maastricht Treaty tied the rights of free movement and residence to the political status of Union citizens, contributing to a conceptual transformation of these rights. EU citizenship carries the expectation of equal treatment throughout the EU, regardless of nationality, but this process is fraught with ambiguities, contradictions, and tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interaction between national citizenship and EU citizenship is interdependent, with each influencing and being transformed by the other. While national ties are important to people, the increasing transformation of migrant workers into Union citizens, with broad rights of equal treatment in their member state of residence, and the growing prestige of EU citizenship cannot be ignored. The development of this citizenship allows for a rethinking and transformation of citizenship in more critical and institutional terms, promoting a model that enhances citizens’ life chances by eliminating unnecessary forms of discrimination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the context of the European Union, global citizenship involves an identity that transcends national borders and a commitment to universal values and shared responsibilities on global issues. Key characteristics include transnational identity, respect for cultural diversity, active engagement and civic participation, as well as education aimed at critical awareness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Saskia Sassen (2001), global cities such as London, Paris, Brussels, and Berlin become fundamental in this scenario as they serve as centers of cultural and economic exchange, spaces for innovation and global solutions, and promoters of human rights and inclusion. They provide access to global networks and multi-level governance models, concretely embodying the principles of global citizenship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/p>\n\n\n\n

APPIAH, Kwame Anthony. Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BLOMLEY, Nicholas. Law, Property, and the Geography of Violence: The Frontier, the Survey, and the Grid. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 93, n. 1, p. 121-141, 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES. The New European Citizenship. Brussels: European Commission, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KOSTAKOPOULOU, Dora. European Union Citizenship: Writing the Future. European Law Journal, v. 13, n. 5, p. 623-646, 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SASSEN, Saskia. The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. 2. ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNESCO. Educa\u00e7\u00e3o para a cidadania global: preparando os aprendentes para os desafios do s\u00e9culo XXI. Paris: UNESCO, 2014. Available at:: https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000227729. Accessed: on: August 27, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNITED NATIONS HABITAT. The State of the World’s Cities 2008\/2009: Harmonious Cities. London: Earthscan, 2008. Available at: https:\/\/unhabitat.org\/books\/state-of-the-worlds-cities-20082009-harmonious-cities. . Accessed: on: August 27, 2024.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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